Association of Antibiotic Resistance Traits in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Isolates

Table 1

Primers used to detect antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in uropathogenic E. coli isolates.

Antimicrobial class, agent	ARGs	Primer sequence (5′- 3′)	Annealing temperature (^oC)	PCR product size (bp)	References
Betalactam; Ampicillin	CITM	F- TGGCCAGAACTGACAGGCAAA	55	462	[21]
		R-TTTCTCCTGAACGTGGCTGGC
	blaSHV	F-TCGCCTGTGTATTATCTCCC	52	768
		R-CGCAGATAAATCACCACAATG
Aminoglycosides; Gentamicin	aac(3)-IV	F-CTTCAGGATGGCAAGTTGGT	55	286
		R-TCATCTCGTTCTCCGCTCAT
Streptomycin	aadA1	F-TATCCAGCTAAGCGCGAACT	58	447	[22]
		R-ATTTGCCGACTACCTTGGTC
Quinolones; Ciprofloxacin	qnrA	F-GGGTATGGATATTATTGATAAAG	53	670	[23]
		R-CTAATCCGGCAGCACTATTA
Tetracyclines; Tetracycline	tet(A)	F-GGTTCACTCGAACGACGTCA	56	577	[22]
		R-CTGTCCGACAAGTTGCATGA
	tet(B)	F–CCTCAGCTTCTCAACGCGTG	56	634
		R-GCACCTTGCTCATGACTCTT
Phenicols; Chloramphenicol	catA1	F-AGTTGCTCAATGTACCTATAACC	55	547	[21]
		R-TTGTAATTCATTAAGCATTCTGCC
	cmlA	F-CCGCCACGGTGTTGTTGTTATC	55	698
		R-CACCTTGCCTGCCCATCATTAG
Sulfonamides; Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole	dfrA1	F-GGAGTGCCAAAGGTGAACAGC	50	367	[24]
		R-GAGGCGAAGTCTTGGGTAAAAAC
Sulfonamide	sul1	F-TTCGGCATTCTGAATCTCAC	50	822	[21]
		R-ATGATCTAACCCTCGGTCTC
Macrolides; Erythromycin	ere(A)	F-GCCGGTGCTCATGAACTTGAG	52	419
		R-CGACTCTATTCGATCAGAGGC

F = forward; R = reverse.