Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Blood-Borne Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Jirapa, Upper West Region of Ghana
Table 3
Factors associated and influencing sexually transmitted blood-borne infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Jirapa municipality, Ghana.
Variables
STBBIs
Chi-square
Logistic regression
Negative (%T)
Positive (%T)
X2 ( value)
AOR (95% CI)
value
Age
≤26
118 (48.0)
15 (6.1)
0.003 (0.96)
1
>26
100 (40.7)
13 (5.3)
1.02 (0.5–2.3)
0.96
Religion
Christian
119 (77.6)
25 (10.2)
7.32 (0.02)
Muslim
26 (10.6)
1 (0.4)
Traditional
1 (0.4)
2 (0.8)
Marital status
Single
33 (13.4)
3 (1.2)
0.39 (0.54)
1
Married
185 (75.2)
25 (10.2)
1.49 (0.4–5.2)
0.54
Education
Low
140 (56.9)
23 (9.3)
3.57 (0.07)
1
High
78 (31.7)
5 (2.0)
0.39 (0.1–1.1)
0.07
Occupation
Salaried
181 (74.2)
25 (10.2)
0.57 (0.45)
1
Nonsalaried
35 (14.3)
3 (1.2)
0.62 (0.2–2.2)
0.46
FGM
No
173 (70.3)
16 (6.5)
6.88 (0.009)
1
Yes
45 (18.3)
12 (4.9)
2.88 (1.3–6.5)
0.01
Scarification
No
91 (37.0)
13 (5.3)
0.22 (0.64)
1
Yes
127 (51.6)
15 (6.1)
0.83 (0.4–1.8)
0.64
Blood transfusion
No
196 (79.7)
25 (10.2)
0.01 (0.92)
1
Yes
22 (8.9)
3 (1.2)
1.07 (0.3–3.8)
0.92
Abortion
No
188 (76.7)
23 (9.4)
0.42 (0.52)
1
Yes
29 (11.9)
5 (2.0)
1.41 (0.5–4.0)
0.52
Surgical operation
No
197 (80.4)
24 (9.8)
0.13 (0.72)
1
Yes
20 (8.2)
4 (1.6)
0.76 (0.2–3.4)
0.72
STIs
No
207 (84.1)
26 (10.6)
3.70 (0.05)
1
Yes
11 (4.5)
2 (0.2)
3.13 (0.9–10.6)
0.07
Dental surgery
No
208 (84.9)
28 (11.4)
1.20 (0.27)
Yes
9 (3.7)
0 (0.0)
Family history of HBV
No
212 (86.2)
25 (10.2)
4.46 (0.04)
1
Yes
6 (2.4)
3 (1.2)
4.24 (1.0–18.0)
0.05
Family history of HCV
No
216 (87.8)
26 (10.6)
6.01 (0.01)
Yes
2 (0.8)
2 (0.8)
Family history of HIV
No
216 (87.8)
27 (11.0)
1.45 (0.23)
Yes
2 (0.8)
1 (0.4)
Gravidity
Primigravida
84 (34.3)
5 (2.0)
4.66 (0.04)
1
Multigravida
133 (54.3)
23 (9.4)
2.91 (1.1–7.9)
0.04
Parity
Nullipara
88 (35.9)
8 (3.3)
3.69 (0.16)
1
0.17
Primipara
60 (24.5)
6 (2.4)
1.10 (0.4–3.3)
0.87
Multipara
69 (28.2)
14 (5.7)
2.2 (0.9–5.6)
0.09
Knowledge
Moderate
42 (17.1)
3 (1.2)
1.2 (0.27)
1
Good
176 (71.5)
25 (10.2)
1.99 (0.6–6.9)
0.28
HBV vaccination
No
184 (74.0)
28 (11.4)
5.07 (0.024)
Yes
34 (13.8)
0 (0.0)
Note. FGM: female genital mutilation. Variable and value not considered because a cell value is less than 1 or more than 30% of cells have value less than 5. Bold values are statistically significant at p < 0.05.
