Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Resistant to Carbapenems, Fluoroquinolones, and Aminoglycosides Isolated from One of the Largest Hospitals in Vietnam in 2014–2019

Figure 2

The relative percentage of genes conferring resistance to different classes of antibiotics during each year from 2014 to 2019 and in total. The genes conferring resistance to different class of antibiotics (aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, colistin, fosfomycin, macrolide, phenicol, quinolone, rifampicin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim) are summarized in Supplementary Table 1. The number of the genes for each class was aggregated, and the percentage of genes for each class in the total genes was presented. Because only two MDR E. coli isolates were collected in 2015, some types of drug resistance genes, such as those conferring resistance to fosfomycin and macrolides, were not detected. The order of the drug resistance gene classes was in accordance with colors from left to right.