miR-30c Increases the Intracellular Survival of Helicobacter pylori by Inhibiting Autophagy

Figure 2

Inhibition of xenophagy can increase H. pylori survival in GES-1 cells. (a) Representative TEM picture of GES-1 cells after 12 h infection with H. pylori. Red arrows indicate autophagosomes, blue arrows indicate autolysosomes, and black arrows indicate damaged membrane. (b, c) The effects of xenophagy on the H. pylori survival in GES-1 cells. After preprocessing by starvation, DMSO, rapamycin (200 nM), 3-MA (2 mM), or CQ (10 μM), GES-1 cells were infected with H. pylori for 12 h and then lysed. Intracellular bacteria were quantified by using gentamycin protection assay (). All error bars indicate SEM. , , and .

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