Research Article
G1 Cell Cycle Arrest Is Induced by the Fourth Extracellular Loop of Meningococcal PorA in Epithelial and Endothelial Cells
Figure 3
PorA-Loop4 causes a decrease in the proportion of cells transitioning into S-phase. HCT116 cells were treated for 24 h. During the final 2 h of incubation, 20 μM of Edu was added and incorporated into S-phase cells. Representative images of (a) untreated, (b) cells treated with PorA-Scr Loop4 (50 μM), (c) PorA-Loop4 (50 μM), or (d) nocodazole (0.1 μg ml-1). Cells were washed, fixed, and stained with DAPI (blue) and anti-EdU antibody (green) and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Percentage of S-phase HBMEC (e) or HCT116 (f) cells (EdU + labeled cells) expressed as a percentage of the total cell number (as determined by DAPI staining). Bars represent the of 30 fields per treatment from three independent experiments. Significant difference compared to untreated (, , and ; ANOVA with Dunnett’s test applied post hoc). .
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