Identification of Pancreaticoduodenectomy Resection for Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma: A Preliminary Study of Radiomics

Table 1

Texture analysis methods.

Abbreviation	Description
GH	Gray-level histogram. Feature names: mean; standard deviation; smoothness; cubic moment; uniformity; entropy; fourth moment
GLCM	Gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Feature names: autocorrelation; cluster prominence; cluster shade; contrast; correlation; difference entropy; difference variance; dissimilarity; energy; entropy; homogeneity (inverse difference moment); information measure of correlation1; information measure of correlation2; inverse difference (homogeneity in matlab); maximum probability; sum average; sum entropy; sum of squares (variance); sum variance; Renyi entropy; Tsallis entropy
GLRLM	Gray-level run-length matrix. Feature names: short run emphasis; long run emphasis; gray-level nonuniformity; run length nonuniformity; run percentage; low gray-level run emphasis; high gray-level run emphasis; short run low gray-level emphasis; short run high gray-level emphasis; long run low gray-level emphasis; long run high gray-level emphasis;
WT	Wavelet transform. Feature names: mean; variance; energy
WT-HCR	Wavelet transform combining GH, GLCM, and GLRLM. Feature names: refer to GH, GLCM, and GLRLM
LOG-GH	Laplacian of Gaussian filter combining histogram. Feature names: refer to GH
ACM-D	Angle co-occurrence matrix: direction gradient matrix based on the Sobel operator combining the co-occurrence matrix. Feature names: refer to GLCM
ACM-M	Angle co-occurrence matrix: magnitude gradient matrix based on the Sobel operator combining the co-occurrence matrix. Feature names: refer to GLCM
CTM	Combined texture method (all texture features including GH, GLCM, GLRLM, WT, WT-HCR, LOG-GH, ACM1, and ACM2)
LD-WF	The method designed in this study. Feature names: refer GH, GLCM (five representative features are used: contrast; correlation; energy; homogeneity; and entropy), and GLRLM