Research of Multimodal Medical Image Fusion Based on Parameter-Adaptive Pulse-Coupled Neural Network and Convolutional Sparse Representation

Table 1

Objective assessment of different methods on medical image fusion.

The database	Images	Metrics	NSST-PAPCNN	CSR	MST-SR	NSCT-SR-PCNN	SR-PCNN	Proposed	RMSE (proposed)
The Whole Brain Atlas Of Harvard Medical School	CT/MR	EN	3.1249 (1)	2.9919	2.8641	3.0749	2.7759	3.0767 (2)	0.0262
			0.4587	0.4427	0.4325	0.4801 (2)	0.4408	0.4839 (1)	0.0304
		MI	0.8093	0.8079	0.7779	0.8333 (2)	0.7396	0.8599 (1)	0.0156
		SF	27.8907	28.4779 (2)	27.6372	27.9712	27.4416	29.3626 (1)	0.6256
		AG	6.9390	7.1364 (2)	7.1117	6.9873	6.5669	7.1671 (1)	0.0392
		SD	110.4631	110.6766 (2)	109.7036	109.4976	108.0036	111.0203 (1)	0.3939
	MR-T1/MR-T2	EN	3.0751	3.0954	3.1193	3.1564 (2)	2.9382	3.2436 (1)	0.0593
			0.4223	0.4428	0.5345 (1)	0.4327	0.4241	0.4926 (2)	0.0587
		MI	1.0879	1.0932	1.1119	1.1247 (2)	1.0830	1.1675 (1)	0.1132
		SF	26.8878	27.8143 (1)	27.4827	27.3243	22.6816	27.6630 (2)	0.7533
		AG	4.4525	4.9000 (2)	4.8198	4.7360	3.1408	4.9541 (1)	0.3882
		SD	109.2559	109.3714	109.2907	109.0063	110.1740 (2)	111.4005 (1)	0.2773
	MR/PET	EN	3.2575	3.1860	3.2732 (2)	3.1620	3.1728	3.3962 (1)	0.3524
			0.5213	0.5783	0.6148 (2)	0.5216	0.6125	0.6621 (1)	0.2436
		MI	1.6716 (2)	1.6604	1.6708	1.5385	1.6688	1.7078 (1)	0.3849
		SF	27.0508	29.2171	31.8184 (1)	28.1990	29.5717	30.0488 (2)	0.0968
		AG	5.1704	6.3783	6.8126 (2)	5.8611	6.5209	7.8436 (1)	0.7054
		SD	112.5116	112.5743 (2)	111.8941	110.2727	111.9179	114.7089 (1)	0.8578
	MR/SPECT	EN	3.5580	3.5357	3.8857 (1)	3.6305	3.4818	3.6897 (2)	0.5361
			0.4561	0.5465	0.7211 (2)	0.5564	0.5521	0.7426 (1)	0.0389
		MI	1.3484	1.3491	1.3511	1.3663 (2)	1.3658	1.4261 (1)	0.4157
		SF	23.9815	25.2731	27.7746 (1)	25.1314	24.6361	25.4938 (2)	0.3981
		AG	4.1747	4.7093	4.7542	4.8058 (2)	4.5293	4.9342 (1)	0.6432
		SD	109.8246 (1)	108.6124	109.4126	109.3390	108.6478	109.5151 (2)	0.8745
The Cancer Imaging Archive	CT/MR	EN	2.3873	2.5588 (1)	2.4780	2.5250	2.4138	2.5412 (2)	0.0348
			0.2823	0.3242	0.3400 (2)	0.3022	0.3083	0.3461 (1)	0.0452
		MI	0.4202	0.4998	0.5359 (2)	0.5328	0.5302	0.5680 (1)	0.0799
		SF	23.5399	27.1924 (1)	25.3864	24.4104	23.8955	25.5036 (2)	0.5346
		AG	5.5653	5.0692	5.5261	5.6596 (2)	5.5149	5.6693 (1)	0.0569
		SD	101.6034	111.2382 (2)	103.4071	102.6671	103.8596	112.3046 (1)	0.4832
	MR-T1/MR-T2	EN	3.0059	3.0495	3.0649 (2)	2.9463	2.9340	3.1736 (1)	0.6203
			0.3183	0.4462	0.4928 (2)	0.4385	0.4061	0.5103 (1)	0.1108
		MI	0.8798	1.0100	1.1441 (1)	1.0069	0.9576	1.1064 (2)	0.7673
		SF	22.3876	26.9720 (2)	26.0597	26.9641	26.1218	27.4718 (1)	0.8564
		AG	3.4087	5.0089 (2)	4.9964	5.0070	5.0174	5.1650 (1)	0.1694
		SD	106.2062	108.2755	107.4503	109.2019 (2)	108.0475	109.3821 (1)	0.8521