Anatomical Phase Extraction (APE) Method: A Novel Method to Correct Detrimental Effects of Tissue-Inhomogeneity in Referenceless MR Thermometry—Preliminary Ex Vivo Investigation

<div>(a) A representative temperature map with the three selected ROIs. Each ROI contains 12 pixels, and the absolute errors in temperature measurement of the 12 pixels within each ROI were averaged to obtain the MAE. (b–g) The MAEs of a total of 230 frames among these three ROIs for the proposed APE #experiment 1 (b), proposed APE #experiment 2 (c), proposed APE #experiment 3 (e), proposed APE #experiment 4 (f), and RW-<svg height="8.8423pt" id="M233" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.6059 8.8423" width="14.6059pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,2.175,0)"><path d="M442 569C442 628 407 660 362 660C328 660 292 648 255 616C200 568 165 508 123 334L106 264C80 242 52 222 23 202L30 176C54 191 76 205 100 222L87 166C73 103 79 43 95 19C108 0 139 -12 169 -12C242 -12 318 38 369 106L354 129C322 93 260 49 215 49C173 49 147 81 170 187L189 274C293 344 442 452 442 569ZM380 565C380 478 267 377 196 322L216 406C254 556 282 623 332 623C364 623 380 596 380 565Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.222,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg> (d) and <svg height="8.8423pt" id="M234" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.6059 8.8423" width="14.6059pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M442 569C442 628 407 660 362 660C328 660 292 648 255 616C200 568 165 508 123 334L106 264C80 242 52 222 23 202L30 176C54 191 76 205 100 222L87 166C73 103 79 43 95 19C108 0 139 -12 169 -12C242 -12 318 38 369 106L354 129C322 93 260 49 215 49C173 49 147 81 170 187L189 274C293 344 442 452 442 569ZM380 565C380 478 267 377 196 322L216 406C254 556 282 623 332 623C364 623 380 596 380 565Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.047,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z"></path></g></svg>referenceless (g) methods, respectively.</div>

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Anatomical Phase Extraction (APE) Method: A Novel Method to Correct Detrimental Effects of Tissue-Inhomogeneity in Referenceless MR Thermometry—Preliminary Ex Vivo Investigation 

Figure 4 | Anatomical Phase Extraction (APE) Method: A Novel Method to Correct Detrimental Effects of Tissue-Inhomogeneity in Referenceless MR Thermometry—Preliminary Ex Vivo Investigation 