Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Nucleus Pulposus Cell Dysfunction through Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Figure 3

DMF decreases the production of ROS and the levels of inflammatory cytokines via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. (a) Fluorescence images show ROS levels in different groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. The relative fluorescence intensity of ROS as control was analyzed by the ImageJ software. (b) The intracellular redox state of cell samples as indicated treatment was determined by measuring intracellular glutathione concentration and showed as the ratio of GSH/GSSG. (c) The expressions of p-NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected by western blot. The densitometry of protein bands relative to control was analyzed by the ImageJ software. Data are presented as ( per group). Differences among groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test between each group. is for , for , and for .

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