Combined Effect of Smoking and Fatty Liver Disease on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights from a Population-Based Cohort Study
Table 3
Association between FL with smoking statues and incident type 2 diabetes in the NAGALA study, 2004–2015.
Exposure
Nonadjusted
Adjust I
Adjust II
HR (95% CI)
value
HR (95% CI)
value
HR (95% CI)
value
Smoking status
FL−/none
1 (reference
1 (ref)
1 (ref)
FL−/ex
1.50 (0.96, 2.35)
0.074
1.23 (0.76, 2)
0.401
1.01 (0.62, 1.66)
0.956
FL−/current
2.37 (1.66, 3.37)
<0.001
2.16 (1.45, 3.22)
<0.001
1.78 (1.18, 2.68)
0.006
FL+/none
7.94 (5.73, 11.02)
<0.001
7.44 (5.26, 10.52)
<0.001
2.02 (1.38, 2.95)
<0.001
FL+/ex
7.83 (5.42, 11.31)
<0.001
6.21 (4.05, 9.51)
<0.001
1.77 (1.13, 2.77)
0.013
FL+/current
14.30 (10.44, 19.6)
<0.001
13.39 (9.19, 19.5)
<0.001
3.63 (2.41, 5.48)
<0.001
for trend
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Notes: data presented are HR (95% CI); Adjust I model adjust for age and gender; Adjust II model adjust for Adjust I+BMI, SBP, DBP, WC, ALT, AST, GGT, and HDL-C+TC+TG+HBA1C+FBG. Abbreviation: FL: fatty liver.
