| Excluded study | Normoalbuminuria vs. control | Microalbuminuria vs. normoalbuminuria | Macroalbuminuria vs. microalbuminuria | | | Mean difference (95% CI) | | | Mean difference (95% CI) | | | Mean difference (95% CI) |
| Sun [18] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.37 (-1.22, 0.47) | 97.3% | 0.001 | 2.50 (1.87, 3.12) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.50 (1.73, 3.27) | Bai [19] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.46 (-1.30, 0.39) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.38 (1.68, 3.08) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.32 (1.54, 3.11) | Cheng [20] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.46 (-1.30, 0.37) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.71, 3.09) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.60, 3.20) | Xu [21] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.38 (-1.22, 0.46) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.37 (1.68, 3.06) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.41 (1.61, 3.22) | Tian [22] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.36 (-1.19, 0.47) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.21 (1.55, 2.88) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.26 (1.48, 3.04) | Bi [23] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.35 (-1.20, 0.49) | 97.5% | 0.001 | 2.25 (1.61, 2.89) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.26 (1.51, 3.01) | Zhou [24] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.33 (-1.15, 0.50) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.39 (1.70, 3.09) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.60, 3.21) | Lu [25] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.40 (-1.26, 0.46) | 97.5% | 0.001 | 2.47 (1.81, 3.12) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.48 (1.70, 3.25) | Nie [26] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.36 (-1.20, 0.47) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.31 (1.63, 2.99) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.61, 3.23) | Lin [27] | 98.3% | 0.001 | -0.59 (-1.38, 0.21) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.33 (1.65, 3.01) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.35 (1.55, 3.15) | Tang [28] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.36 (-1.20, 0.47) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.23 (1.57, 2.90) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.28 (1.50, 3.06) | Zhou [29] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.27 (-1.09, 0.55) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.71, 3.09) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.35 (1.55, 3.14) | Hu [30] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.37 (-1.21, 0.46) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.36 (1.67, 3.04) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.60, 3.20) | Wan [31] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.38 (-1.21, 0.46) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.37 (1.68, 3.06) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.43 (1.62, 3.23) | Xie [32] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.46 (-1.30, 0.38) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.27 (1.60, 2.94) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.35 (1.56, 3.15) | Li [33] | 98.3% | 0.001 | -0.62 (-1.40, 0.17) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.34 (1.65, 3.02) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.36 (1.56, 3.15) | Zhou [34] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.34 (-1.17, 0.49) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.39 (1.70, 3.09) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.41 (1.60, 3.21) | Zhong [35] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.45 (-1.29, 0.40) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.39 (1.70, 3.08) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.62, 3.23) | Yang [36] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.52 (-1.34, 0.29) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.34 (1.65, 3.02) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.55 (1.78, 3.31) | Wan [37] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.32 (-1.15, 0.50) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.31 (1.63, 2.99) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.41 (1.60, 3.22) | Lin [38] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.37 (-1.20, 0.47) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.36 (1.68, 3.05) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.41 (1.60, 3.21) | Wu [39] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.55 (-1.35, 0.26) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.39 (1.70, 3.09) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.34 (1.55, 3.13) | Cheng [40] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.69 (-1.49, 0.12) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.17 (1.50, 2.83) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.19 (1.42, 2.96) | Yang [41] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.19 (-1.00, 0.62) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.29 (1.61, 2.97) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.32 (1.53, 3.11) | Liu [42] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.69 (-1.49, 0.12) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 2.20 (1.54, 2.87) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.12 (1.35, 2.89) | Yang [43] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.47 (-1.30, 0.36) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.73, 3.11) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.36 (1.57, 3.16) | Zhu [44] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.39 (-1.24, 0.46) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.72, 3.12) | 97.8% | 0.001 | 1.91 (1.17, 2.65) | Xiao [45] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.25 (-1.06, 0.56) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.32 (1.64, 3.00) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.37 (1.58, 3.17) | Kato [46] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.49 (-1.32, 0.33) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.33 (1.65, 3.02) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.33 (1.54, 3.12) | Yilmaz [47] | N/A | N/A | N/A | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.47 (1.81, 3.14) | 98.0% | 0.001 | 2.47 (1.68, 3.26) | Saito [48] | 98.4% | 0.001 | -0.33 (-1.15, 0.50) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.40 (1.68, 3.11) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.48 (1.70, 3.26) | Fujita [49] | 98.5% | 0.001 | -0.39 (-1.22, 0.45) | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.73, 3.11) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.62, 3.22) | Komaba [50] | N/A | N/A | N/A | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.41 (1.71, 3.12) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.43 (1.62, 3.24) | Koshimura [51] | N/A | N/A | N/A | 97.9% | 0.001 | 2.41 (1.72, 3.09) | 98.1% | 0.001 | 2.42 (1.62, 3.21) |
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