Efficacy of Postoperative Analgesia by Erector Spinal Plane Block after Lumbar Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Secondary outcomes of RCTs included in meta-analysis.

Outcomes	Studies include	RR or SMD 95% CI	value for statistical significance	value for statistical heterogeneity	test for heterogeneity
VAS/NRS scores at the PACU (at rest)	9	-1.86 (-2.59, -1.13)	<0.01	<0.01	93%
VAS/NRS scores at the PACU (on movement)	3	-1.31 (-2.14, -0.48)	<0.01	<0.01	82%
VAS/NRS scores at 2 h (at rest)	7	-1.73 (-2.70, -0.75)	<0.01	<0.01	95%
VAS/NRS scores at 2 h (on movement)	2	-1.88 (-4.04, 0.27)	0.09	<0.01	95%
VAS/NRS scores at 4 h (at rest)	8	-1.38 (-2.15, 0.61)	<0.01	<0.01	94%
VAS/NRS scores at 4 h (on movement)	3	-1.20 (-2.31, -0.09)	0.03	<0.01	91%
VAS/NRS scores at 6 h (at rest)	8	-2.26 (-3.54, -0.99)	<0.01	<0.01	96%
VAS/NRS scores at 6 h (on movement)	3	-8.24 (-13.40, -3.08)	<0.01	<0.01	98%
VAS/NRS scores at 12 h (at rest)	9	-0.69 (-1.14, -0.24)	<0.01	<0.01	83%
VAS/NRS scores at 12 h (on movement)	5	-3.21 (-5.67, -0.75)	0.02	<0.01	94%
VAS/NRS scores at 24 h (at rest)	14	-0.52 (-0.75, -0.29)	<0.01	<0.01	66%
VAS/NRS scores at 24 h (on movement)	7	-1.05 (-1.94, -0.17)	0.02	<0.01	94%
VAS/NRS scores at 48 h (at rest)	7	-0.33 (-0.61, -0.06)	0.02	0.04	51%
VAS/NRS scores at 48 h (on movement)	5	-0.70 (-1.05, -0.35)	<0.01	0.07	53%
Time to first rescue analgesic	9	4.87 (2.84, 6.90)	<0.01	<0.01	98%
Intraoperative opioid consumption	8	-1.48 (-2.35, -0.6)	<0.01	<0.01	94%
Number of patients rescue analgesia ()	10	0.32 (0.13, 0.80)	0.02	<0.01	97%
PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting)	13	0.35 (0.22, 0.55)	<0.01	0.27	18%
The length of hospitalize	5	-1.80 (-3.21, -0.39)	0.01	<0.01	97%
Patient satisfaction	5	1.89 (1.03, 2.74)	<0.01	<0.01	92%