A Novel Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Framework for Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury-Related Delirium in Patients Who Underwent Cardiovascular Surgery
Table 1
Characteristics of patients of risk factors associated with AKI after cardiovascular surgery ().
Variables
AKI group ()
Non-AKI group ()
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value
Demographic
Gender (male) ( [%])
39 (59.09)
82 (50.93)
1.293
0.256
(year)
44 (66.67)
84 (52.17)
4.669
0.031
Height (cm) ()
0.477
0.634
Weight (kg) ()
0.988
0.323
BMI (kg/m2) ()
0.146
0.884
Smoking history ( [%])
17 (25.75)
28 (17.39)
2.400
0.121
Drinking history ( [%])
8 (12.12)
9 (5.59)
2.198
0.138
Laboratory
Hematocrit () (%)
-1.425
0.155
Albumin (g/l) ()
-3.794
0.000
NGAL (ng/ml) ( [IQR])
82.3 (51.7, 153.7)
49.2 (34.9, 117.2)
-3.272
0.001
TnI (>0.5 ng/ml) ( [%])
12 (18.18)
24 (14.90)
0.327
0.568
FABP (>2.5 ng/ml) ( [%])
17 (25.75)
37 (22.98)
0.243
0.622
NT-prBNP (>300 pg/ml) ( [%])
20 (30.30)
24 (14.91)
2.079
0.149
Coronary angiography ( [%])
49 (74.24)
112 (69.56)
0.397
0.529
Clinical
Hypertension ( [%])
33 (50.00)
76 (47.20)
0.180
0.671
Diabetes ( [%])
25 (37.88)
28 (17.39)
10.979
0.001
Anemia ( [%])
25 (37.87)
20 (12.42)
19.086
0.000
LVEF () (%)
-1.807
0.024
CVP (cmH2O) ()
0.973
0.333
Type of surgery ( [%])
9.900
0.007
Coronary artery bypass surgery
19 (28.79)
38 (23.60)
Valvuloplasty
29 (43.94)
103 (63.98)
Combined surgery
18 (27.27)
20 (12.42)
CPB time (>120 minutes) ( [%])
34 (51.52)
45 (27.95)
11.456
0.001
Duration of surgery (>6 hours) ( [%])
40 (60.60)
69 (42.85)
5.908
0.015
Aortic occlusion time (minute) ( [IQR])
108 (83.5, 140.5)
97 (82.0, 129.0)
-1.670
0.095
Red blood cell input ( [%])
23 (34.85)
10 (6.21)
30.899
0.000
Urine output (ml) ( [IQR])
200 (100, 300)
200 (150, 350)
-1.619
0.105
Ultrafiltration volume (ml) ( [IQR])
1350 (800, 2250)
1500 (800, 2070)
-0.720
0.472
ICU length of stay (day) ( [IQR])
2 (1, 4)
1 (1, 2)
-5.4189
0.000
Mechanical ventilation time (hour) ( [IQR])
14 (10.0, 20.25)
11 (7.5, 14.0)
-3.822
0.000
CRRT ( [%])
2 (3.0)
0 (0.00)
Fisher’s
0.246
Hospitalization time (day) ()
3.591
0.000
Notes: Preoperative anemia was defined as a hemoglobin less than 110 g/l in female patients and 120 g/l in male patients; Combined surgery was referred to a combination of two or more surgical operations. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; CVP: central venous pressure; CRRT: continuous renal replacement therapy; FABP: fatty acid-binding protein; IABP: intra-aortic balloon pump; ICU: intensive care unit; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; [IQR]: median [inter quartile range]; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; NT-prBNP: N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide; TnI: troponin I.
