[Retracted] Myopia in Chinese Adolescents: Its Influencing Factors and Correlation with Physical Activities

Table 1

Analysis of influencing factors of myopia.

Parameter		Groups		Myopia rate
		Nonmyopia group	Myopia group
Gender	Male	115	190	62.3%	5.543	0.019
	Female	78	196	71.5%
Only child	No	94	191	67.0%	0.031	0.860
	Yes	99	195	66.3%
Playing video games	Occasionally	67	97	59.1%	5.823	0.016
	Often	126	289	69.6%
Parental myopia	No	76	107	58.5%	8.090	0.004
	Yes	117	279	70.5%
Reading posture	Poor	123	288	70.1%	7.396	0.007
	Good	70	98	58.3%
Writing posture	Poor	116	272	70.1%	6.250	0.012
	Good	77	114	59.7%
Staying up late playing smartphones	Occasionally	116	194	62.6%	5.013	0.025
	Often	77	192	71.4%
Diopter #		2 (1~4)	3 (2~4)		-4.579	<0.001
<2.0		75	40	10.40%
2.0-4.0		27	105	27.20%
4.0-6.0		35	105	27.20%
6.0-8.0		38	94	24.40%
>8.0		18	42	10.90%
Daily time spent on digital devices #		2 (1~3.5)	3 (2~4)		-4.369	<0.001
<1 h		73	39	10.10%
1-2 h		29	113	29.30%
3-4 h		43	123	31.90%
>4 h		48	111	28.80%
Daily sleep duration #		2 (2~3)	2 (2~2.25)		-1.366	0.172
<6 h		29	75	19.40%
6-8 h		109	215	55.70%
>8 h		55	96	24.90%
Distance to TV screen #		3 (2~4)	3 (2~4)		-2.238	0.025
<1 m		28	89	23.10%
2-3 m		35	72	18.70%
3-4 m		48	84	21.80%
4-5 m		40	73	18.90%
>5 m		42	68	17.60%
Illumination while studying #		4 (2~5)	3 (2~4)		-2.97	0.003
Reading lamp (white light)		29	92	23.80%
Reading lamp (yellow light)		36	64	16.60%
Pendant lamp (white light)		29	83	21.50%
Pendant lamp (white light)		45	73	18.90%
Natural light (sunlight)		54	74	19.20%
Drinking milk #		3 (2~4)	3 (2~4)		-1.188	0.235
Never		5	13	3.40%
Occasionally		61	118	30.60%
Often		57	148	38.30%
Every day		70	107	27.70%
Bedtime #		2 (1~3)	1 (1~2)		-2.857	0.004
After 24:00		91	222	57.50%
23:00-24:00		50	105	27.20%
22:00-23:00		36	33	8.50%
21:00-22:00		16	26	6.70%
Get-up time #		2 (1~3)	2 (1~3)		-0.783	0.434
Before 5:00		57	116	30.10%
5:00-6:00		51	115	29.80%
6:00-7:00		67	129	33.40%
After 7:00		18	26	6.70%
Afternoon nap duration #		2 (1~2)	2 (1~3)		-0.693	0.488
No		84	178	46.10%
<20 minutes		72	101	26.20%
20-40 minutes		29	72	18.70%
>40 minutes		6	28	7.30%
Daily time spent on homework #		2 (2~3)	3 (2~3)		-4.201	<0.001
<40 minutes		43	39	10.10%
40-80 minutes		74	135	35.00%
>80 minutes		76	212	54.90%
Breaks while studying #		2 (1~2)	2 (2~3)		-3.451	0.001
Often		60	76	19.70%
Rarely		89	180	46.60%
Never		44	130	33.70%
Reading extracurricular books #		2 (1~2)	2 (1.75~3)		-3.547	<0.001
Dislike		67	96	24.90%
Like		93	173	44.80%
Very like		33	117	30.30%
Daily time spent in reading in extremely weak or strong light #		2 (1~3)	2 (2~3)		-2.528	0.011
<20 minutes		49	66	17.10%
20-40 minutes		81	161	41.70%
40-80 minutes		63	159	41.20%
Picky about food #		4 (3~5)	4 (3~5)		-0.585	0.559
Extremely		4	10	2.60%
Quite		10	24	6.20%
Moderate		45	84	21.80%
Slightly		49	111	28.80%
Not		85	157	40.70%
Eating whole grains and vegetables #		2 (2~3)	3 (2~3)		-4.243	<0.001
Never		84	230	59.60%
Rarely		68	120	31.10%
Often		41	36	9.30%
Visual acuity tests #		1 (1~2)	1 (1~2)		-2.011	0.044
Rarely		121	212	54.90%
Once every 6 months		45	95	24.60%
Once every 3 months		27	79	20.50%
Regular eye examinations #		2 (1~2)	2 (1~2)		-2.800	0.005
Never		91	132	34.20%
Rarely		80	199	51.60%
Annually		22	55	14.20%

Factors ending with # are not normally distributed according to the results of the SW normality test.