Research Article
Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Nonmetastatic Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Machine Learning Approach
Table 2
Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients.
| | Variables | All patients () | Training cohort () | Validation cohort () |
| | Age (year, ) | | | | | Sex (no. (%)) | | | | | Female | 1027 (48.3) | 701 (47.1) | 326 (51) | | Male | 1100 (51.7) | 787 (52.9) | 313 (49) | | Race (no. (%)) | | | | | White | 1393 (65.5) | 975 (65.5) | 418 (65.4) | | Black | 318 (15) | 215 (14.4) | 103 (16.1) | | Other | 416 (19.5) | 298 (20) | 118 (18.5) | | Marital status (no. (%)) | | | | | Married | 1284 (60.4) | 909 (61.1) | 375 (58.7) | | Unmarried | 843 (39.6) | 579 (38.9) | 264 (41.3) | | Grade (no. (%)) | | | | | I | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | | II | 63 (3) | 46 (3.1) | 17 (2.7) | | III | 1992 (93.7) | 1392 (93.5) | 600 (93.9) | | IV | 69 (3.2) | 49 (3.3) | 20 (3.1) | | Size (no. (%)) | | | | | ≤1 cm | 128 (6) | 90 (6) | 38 (5.9) | | 1-2 cm | 278 (13.1) | 187 (12.6) | 91 (14.2) | | 2-3 cm | 315 (14.8) | 220 (14.8) | 95 (14.9) | | 3-4 cm | 258 (12.1) | 191 (12.8) | 67 (10.5) | | 4-5 cm | 218 (10.2) | 149 (10) | 69 (10.8) | | >5 cm | 930 (43.7) | 651 (43.8) | 279 (43.7) | | Stage A (no. (%)) | | | | | Localized | 652 (30.7) | 460 (30.9) | 192 (30) | | Regional | 1343 (63.1) | 935 (62.8) | 408 (63.8) | | Distant | 132 (6.2) | 93 (6.3) | 39 (6.1) | | T stage (no. (%)) | | | | | T1 | 428 (20.1) | 296 (19.9) | 132 (20.7) | | T2 | 892 (41.9) | 637 (42.8) | 255 (39.9) | | T3 | 609 (28.6) | 417 (28) | 192 (30) | | T4 | 198 (9.3) | 138 (9.3) | 60 (9.4) | | N stage (no. (%)) | | | | | N0 | 754 (35.4) | 530 (35.6) | 224 (35.1) | | N1 | 739 (34.7) | 504 (33.9) | 235 (36.8) | | N2 | 424 (19.9) | 299 (20.1) | 125 (19.6) | | N3 | 210 (9.9) | 155 (10.4) | 55 (8.6) | | Site (no. (%)) | | | | | Cardia | 351 (16.5) | 259 (17.4) | 92 (14.4) | | Fundus of stomach | 67 (3.1) | 44 (3) | 23 (3.6) | | Body of stomach | 220 (10.3) | 162 (10.9) | 58 (9.1) | | Gastric antrum | 543 (25.5) | 375 (25.2) | 168 (26.3) | | Pylorus | 185 (8.7) | 131 (8.8) | 54 (8.5) | | Lesser curvature of stomach | 111 (5.2) | 82 (5.5) | 29 (4.5) | | Greater curvature of stomach | 271 (12.7) | 189 (12.7) | 82 (12.8) | | Overlapping/NOS | 379 (17.8) | 246 (16.5) | 133 (20.8) | | Therapy (no. (%)) | | | | | None | 61 (2.9) | 39 (2.6) | 22 (3.4) | | Surgery only | 728 (34.2) | 511 (34.4) | 217 (34) | | Chemo/radio only | 158 (7.4) | 113 (7.6) | 45 (7) | | Surgery plus chemo/radio | 1180 (55.5) | 825 (55.4) | 355 (55.6) | | Regional nodes examined (no. (%)) | | | | | ≤16 | 1192 (56) | 825 (55.4) | 367 (57.4) | | >16 | 935 (44) | 663 (44.6) | 272 (42.6) | | AJCC (no. (%)) | | | | | I | 686 (32.3) | 476 (32) | 210 (32.9) | | II | 473 (22.2) | 325 (21.8) | 148 (23.2) | | III | 637 (29.9) | 450 (30.2) | 187 (29.3) | | IV | 331 (15.6) | 237 (15.9) | 94 (14.7) | | Overall survival (no. (%)) | | | | | 1 years | 1540 (72.4) | 1080 (72.6) | 460 (72) | | 3 years | 895 (42.1) | 623 (41.9) | 272 (42.6) | | 5 years | 625 (29.4) | 440 (29.7) | 185 (29) |
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