|
| Author (year) | Participants | Outcomes |
|
| Lilja (2012) [9] | 640 | Leptin in men and adiponectin in both sexes were independent predictors of T2DM. The association was modified by the degree of insulin sensitivity. The leptin/adiponectin ratio may add predictive information beyond the separate hormones. |
| McNeely (1999) [10] | 410 | Among Japanese Americans, increased baseline leptin levels are associated with increased risk of developing diabetes in men but not in women. |
| Sans S; Padró T (2013) [29] | 1011 | In a population with relatively high diabetes incidence, BMI and glucose were strong risk factors, while adiponectin protected against diabetes, especially in men with high glycemic level. |
| Schmidt (2006) [13] | 10275 | High leptin levels, probably reflecting leptin resistance, predict an increased risk of diabetes. Adjusting for factors purportedly related to leptin resistance unveils a protective association, independent of adiponectin and consistent with some of leptin’s described protective effects against diabetes. |
| Sun (2010) [16] | 32826 | These data suggest a strong inverse association between plasma sOB-R levels and risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI, leptin, and adiponectin levels. |
| Thorand (2010) [17] | 7936 | Two adipokines leptin and adiponectin interact in modulating type 2 diabetes risk, but adiponectin is more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes risk than leptin. |
| Welsh (2009) [18] | 5672 | Leptin, similar to other markers of adiposity in general, is more strongly related to risk of diabetes than CVD in the elderly. |
| Söderberg (2007) [19] | 2330 | High leptin levels are associated with the future development of diabetes, and the association is independent of other factors in men, but not in women. |
| Kouvari (2021) [20] | 2020 | Report an inverse association between Mediterranean diet and NAFLD. Mediterranean diet protected against diabetes and CVD prospectively among subjects with NAFLD. |
| Peller (2020) [21] | 273 | In type 2 DM, patients with AF have higher resistin and adiponectin concentrations than patients with no AF. None of the studied adipokines proved a predictor of future AF development. |
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