[Retracted] A Retrospective Case-Control Study on Late Failure of Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients and Prediction of Risk Factors

Figure 1

HE staining results of late failure of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients. (a) Figure histological changes of the cephalic vein after (1) AVF, HE, . The intima showed obvious hyperplasia and thickening as indicated by the arrow. Eccentric, narrow lumen, mainly subendothelial fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, interstitial osteoporosis, and edema, with myxoid degeneration. (b) Figure histological changes of the cephalic vein after (2) AVF, HE, . The arrows showed annular hyperplasia and thickening of the intima with obvious myxoid degeneration. (c) Figure histological changes of the cephalic vein after (3) AVF, HE, . The smooth muscle of media is diffusely proliferated, and the stroma is loose and swollen as indicated by the arrow. (d) Figure histological changes of the cephalic vein after (4) AVF, HE, . The media smooth muscle indicated by the arrow was oppressed and obviously atrophied and thinned.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)