Review Article
Thermal Effects Associated with RF Exposures in Diagnostic MRI: Overview of Existing and Emerging Concepts of Protection
Table 1
Overview of experimental data for core temperature rise in relation to RF exposure in MRI equipment.
| Reference and year of publication | Number of Subjects | Exposure Type | Dosimetry | SAR and Duration | Max core temperature increase | Mean core temperature increase |
| [13] (1986) | 25 patients | ambient temperature 20–24°c whole body | no | 0.5–1.3 W/kg per sequence 40–90 min | 0.6°C | | [14] (1987) | 50 patients | ambient temperature 20–24°c whole body | no | 0.6–1 W/kg per sequence | 0.5°C | 0.2°C | [11] (1989) | 6 volunteers | whole body | partial | 3–4 W/kg; | – | 0°C | 30 min | [15] (1994) | 6 volunteers | ambient temperature 21–23°c whole body | yes | 6 W/kg 16 min | >1°C | 0.5°C | [16] (2005) | 6 volunteers | ambient temperature 31°c (not MRI) | yes | 0.5 W/kg | 0.4°C | <0.2°C | [12] (2007) | 700 patients | hyperthermia treatment whole body | yes | 3–5 W/kg 30–60 min | >2°C | – | Table 3 (2000) | 11 volunteers | whole body | yes | 4 W/kg; | 0.9°C | 0.7°C | 15 min | [17] (2011) | 400 children | body, head | no | unknown | >1°C (2%) | – | [18] (2016) | 25 neonates | body | no | unknown | – | 0°C | [19] (2016) | 69 patients | head | no | unknown; < 30 min | >1°C | 0.8°C |
|
|