Interrelations among SMED Stages: A Causal Model

Table 3

Survey validation.

Index	Identification Stage	Separation Stage	Transformation Stage	Improvement Stage
R-Squared		0.443	0.390	0.366
Adj. -Squared		0.440	0.385	0.358
Composite Reliability	0.885	0.911	0.855	0.823
Cronbach’s alpha	0.837	0.851	0.774	0.770
Avg. Var. Extract. (AVE)	0.609	0.774	0.597	0.699
Full Collin. VIF	2.012	2.108	1.701	1.566
-Squared		0.444	0.392	0.368