Interrelations among SMED Stages: A Causal Model

Table 7

Total effects.

	Identification; Stage	Separation Stage	Transformation Stage
Separation Stage	0.665 () ES = 0.443
Transformation Stage	0.556 () ES = 309	0.382 (); ES = 0.222
Improvement Stage	0.510 () ES = 0.258	0.358 (); ES = 0.191	0.249 (); ES = 0.126