Three-Dimensional In Situ XCT Characterisation and FE Modelling of Cracking in Concrete

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/complexity/volume-2018/3856584/figures/3856584.fig.0013a.svgz" name="3856584.fig.0013a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Stress-strain curve</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/complexity/volume-2018/3856584/figures/3856584.fig.0013b.svgz" name="3856584.fig.0013b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>State A (<svg height="8.55521pt" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 60.9284 8.55521" width="60.9284pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M387 375C387 402 357 448 257 448C172 448 82 404 82 326C82 289 108 255 156 241V239C85 223 23 181 23 116C23 39 89 -12 182 -12C265 -12 336 31 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class="fig-caption"><td><b>(e) </b>Cracked sample (<svg height="10.3481pt" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.2455997pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 56.1509 10.3481" width="56.1509pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M43 650V622C120 616 128 612 128 526V124C128 39 120 33 34 27V0H270C392 0 492 25 567 83C643 141 690 230 690 350C690 444 655 517 605 565C543 625 450 650 323 650H43ZM213 547C213 587 217 598 226 604C236 612 262 617 304 617C371 617 429 604 474 576C554 529 592 439 592 336C592 176 505 36 319 36C246 36 213 55 213 131V547Z" id="g121-66"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.555,0)"><path d="M409 504C401 567 396 607 392 642C354 654 312 665 266 665C137 665 60 583 60 487C60 374 161 325 225 290C300 250 355 215 355 141C355 68 311 21 235 21C131 21 86 122 71 183L41 176C48 128 61 42 68 21C78 16 93 8 118 0C142 -7 175 -15 216 -15C349 -15 438 69 438 174C438 287 344 333 265 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class="fig-caption"><td><b>(f) </b>Internal crack surfaces (<svg height="10.3481pt" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.2455997pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 49.8876 10.3481" width="49.8876pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M43 650V622C120 616 128 612 128 526V124C128 39 120 33 34 27V0H270C392 0 492 25 567 83C643 141 690 230 690 350C690 444 655 517 605 565C543 625 450 650 323 650H43ZM213 547C213 587 217 598 226 604C236 612 262 617 304 617C371 617 429 604 474 576C554 529 592 439 592 336C592 176 505 36 319 36C246 36 213 55 213 131V547Z" id="g121-66"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.555,0)"><path d="M409 504C401 567 396 607 392 642C354 654 312 665 266 665C137 665 60 583 60 487C60 374 161 325 225 290C300 250 355 215 355 141C355 68 311 21 235 21C131 21 86 122 71 183L41 176C48 128 61 42 68 21C78 16 93 8 118 0C142 -7 175 -15 216 -15C349 -15 438 69 438 174C438 287 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<div>Stress-strain curve and damage propagation under tension. <svg height="10.1524pt" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.04990005pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 6.17869 10.1524" width="6.17869pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z" id="g50-43"></path></g></svg>DSF is displacement scale factor.</div>

Complexity

fig13

Figure 13

Figure 13: Three-Dimensional In Situ XCT Characterisation and FE Modelling of Cracking in Concrete 