An Ising Spin-Based Model to Explore Efficient Flexibility in Distributed Power Systems

Figure 1

Power exchange and the spin model. Each bus in (a), (c) groups customers interacting through the Ising Hamiltonian with binary states represented by up/down arrows (b). Aggregators share the demand in the bus-loads (c) and customers are arranged into a 2D lattice (d) in a way that preserves the bus distance partially.

(a) Hierarchical structure in the DPS

(b) Bus-loads and spin interactions

(c) 33-bus reference system and aggregators

(d) Lattice arrangement of customers