Improved Hybrid Fireworks Algorithm-Based Parameter Optimization in High-Order Sliding Mode Control of Hypersonic Vehicles

Algorithm 1

Construct the recombination pool.

Construct the pool for the father selection as follows:

   All the fathers of the last generation ( fathers) are reserved in the pool.

   Randomly select core individuals in the current generation to join the pool.

Construct the pool for the mother selection as follows:

   All the mothers of the last generation ( mothers) are reserved in the pool.

   Select noncore individuals in the current generation by the roulette wheel to join the

     pool.