Improved Hybrid Fireworks Algorithm-Based Parameter Optimization in High-Order Sliding Mode Control of Hypersonic Vehicles

Algorithm 2

Select parents.

Select fathers from the pool as follows:

   Replace the last generation’s fathers by other individuals in pool that have better fitness.

   Replace the remaining last generation’s fathers again with a probability ().

Select mothers from pool as follows:

   Replace the last generation’s mothers by other individuals in pool that have better fitness.

   Replace the remaining last generation’s mothers again with a probability .