Social Risk Assessment and Management for Major Construction Projects in China Based on Fuzzy Integrated Analysis

Table 2

Ranking of social risk factors based on the questionnaire results.

Social risk factors	PO	MI	IRL	Rank	Normalized values	Sources	Stakeholders
Unfair compensation for housing demolition and land requisition	5.06	5.44	5.25	1	1.00	[1, 3, 4, 18, 26, 28, 29]	Government/residents/contractor/owner
Poor credibility of government	5.13	4.94	5.03	2	0.90	[4, 6]	Government/residents/owner/contractor/community
Forced demolition	4.75	5.25	4.99	3	0.89	[4, 18]	Government/residents/contractor
Engineering quality problems	4.81	5.00	4.91	4	0.85	[4, 13, 18]	Government/contractor/owner/supervisor
Violation of laws and rules	4.63	4.94	4.78	5	0.79	[4, 18]	Government/residents/contractor
Disturbance of local residents	4.81	4.69	4.75	6	0.78	[6]	Government/residents
Government’s improper administration	4.69	4.81	4.75	7	0.78	[1, 3, 4, 11]	Government/residents
Environment pollution (water, land, noise, etc.)	5.06	4.44	4.74	8	0.78	[1, 3, 4, 6, 14, 28, 30]	Government/contractor/residents/supervisor/community
Unreasonable relocation	4.69	4.75	4.72	9	0.77	[1, 3, 4, 11]	Residents/contractor
Security hidden danger	4.50	4.75	4.62	10	0.72	[3, 4, 11, 18, 19, 26]	Government/residents/contractor/ owner/supervisor
Negative attitudes of local residents towards project	4.56	4.50	4.53	11	0.68	[1, 3, 4, 11]	Government/residents
Lack of funds	4.94	4.13	4.51	12	0.67	[3, 4, 11, 26]	Government/owner/contractor
Lack of information on key stakeholders’ interests	4.63	4.06	4.34	13	0.60	[3, 4, 11]	Government/residents/contractor/ owner/supervisor
Variations in policies or compensation standards	4.25	4.19	4.22	14	0.54	[1, 18]	Supplier/contractor
Decision-maker moral	4.19	4.13	4.16	15	0.52	[3, 4, 11]	Government/contractor/owner/supervisor
Media dissemination	4.13	4.13	4.13	16	0.50		Residents/media/public
Unemployment problem	4.19	4.06	4.13	17	0.50	[3, 4, 26]	Residents/contractor/supervisor
Decision-maker competence	3.94	4.31	4.12	18	0.50	[1]	Government/residents/contractor/owner/supervisor
Public opinion/rumor	4.00	4.13	4.06	19	0.47	[4, 6, 18]	Residents/contractor/community
Unreasonable project design	3.94	3.94	3.94	20	0.42	[1, 4, 6]	Design institute/contractor
Insufficient protection for vulnerable groups	3.81	3.88	3.84	21	0.38	[1, 3, 4, 26]	N/A
Cost overrun	3.88	3.69	3.78	22	0.35	[1, 4, 11, 18, 19]	Government/owner/contractor
Road occupancy/traffic disruption	4.00	3.56	3.78	23	0.35	[1, 3, 4, 18]	Residents/contractor/community
Improper drawing	3.75	3.75	3.75	24	0.34	[1, 4, 6, 26]	Design institute/contractor/owner
Enterprises losses caused by land acquisition	3.81	3.69	3.75	25	0.34	[3, 4, 18]	Government/ enterprises/residents
Unreasonable feasibility studies	4.06	3.44	3.74	26	0.33	[1, 4, 17]	Design institute
Conflict of construction projects	3.69	3.69	3.69	27	0.31	[4, 6, 11, 18, 26]	Contractor/owner
Error in construction site investigation	3.69	3.69	3.69	28	0.31	[11, 18]	Contractor/owner
Project schedule delays	3.75	3.63	3.69	29	0.31	[1, 4, 11, 14]	Government/contractor/owner
Lack of skill and experience of construction workers	3.63	3.63	3.63	30	0.28	[1, 4, 6, 26]	Government/residents/contractor/owner
Cultural conflicts	3.50	3.75	3.62	31	0.28	[1, 3, 4, 17, 26]	Contractor/designer
Financial crisis	3.38	3.69	3.53	32	0.24	[4, 14]	Government/contractor
Rising consumer prices	2.88	3.81	3.31	33	0.14	[1, 18]	Government/residents/contractor
Ineffective waste disposal	3.38	3.13	3.25	34	0.11	[3, 4, 11, 18]	Residents/contractor/supervisor
Uncertainties in weather and environment	2.81	3.19	2.99	35	0.00	[1, 3, 4, 26]	N/A