Research Article

A Novel Angular-Guided Particle Swarm Optimizer for Many-Objective Optimization Problems

Algorithm 1

Density-based velocity update (S, A, medSDE).
(1)sort the extra archive A in ascending order based on convergence value as in equation (5)
(2)for each solution
(3) identify its T neighborhood index as B(i)
(4)end for
(5)for each particle
(6) associate xi to the angular-guided closest particle with index j in A
(7) get the T nearest neighbors in A of y by the neighborhood index B(j)
(8) sort the T neighbors of y in an ascending order based on convergence value by equation (5)
(9) select the first angle-distance-based neighboring particle of y as lbesti
(10) select randomly from the top 20% particles in A as gbesti
(11) update the velocity of xi by equation (4)
(12) update the position by equation (3)
(13) evaluate the objective values for xi
(14)end for
(15)return S