Research Article

A Novel Angular-Guided Particle Swarm Optimizer for Many-Objective Optimization Problems

Table 3

Comparison of results of NMPSO and four current MOPSOs on MAF1-MAF7 using HV.

ProblemObjAGPSONMPSOMaPSOdMOPSOSMPSO

MaF151.31e − 02(1.43e − 04)1.27e − 02(5.81e − 05)−1.15e − 02(2.80e − 04)−1.06e − 02(1.26e − 04)−6.83e − 03(5.14e − 04)−
84.23e − 05(1.80e − 06)3.64e − 05(7.99e − 07)−2.79e − 05(2.66e − 06)−1.30e − 05(1.49e − 05)−1.21e − 05(1.88e − 06)−
106.16e − 07(3.49e − 08)4.75e − 07(1.83e − 08)−3.83e − 07(2.83e − 08)−8.82e − 08(8.92e − 08)−1.46e − 07(2.86e − 08)−

MaF252.64e − 01(1.18e − 03)2.63e − 01(8.71e − 04)−2.38e − 01(3.57e − 03)−2.50e − 01(1.55e − 03)−2.12e − 01(4.05e − 03)−
82.46e − 01(2.64e − 03)2.36e − 01(2.32e − 03)−2.09e − 01(3.04e − 03)−2.02e − 01(2.13e − 03)−1.74e − 01(4.46e − 03)−
102.45e − 01(2.08e − 03)2.23e − 01(2.81e − 03)−2.06e − 01(5.67e − 03)−2.05e − 01(2.15e − 03)−1.88e − 01(4.28e − 03)−

MaF359.88e − 01(2.87e − 03)9.71e − 01(1.47e − 02)−9.26e − 01(5.29e − 02)−9.38e − 01(8.27e − 03)−7.34e − 01(4.50e − 01)−
89.95e − 01(2.11e − 03)9.99e − 01(7.50e − 04)+9.84e − 01(1.48e − 02)−9.62e − 01(1.44e − 02)−0.00e + 00(0.00e + 00)−
109.85e − 01(2.26e − 03)1.00e + 00(1.92e − 04)+9.95e − 01(6.00e − 03)∼9.71e − 01(9.43e − 03)−0.00e + 00(0.00e + 00)−

MaF451.29e − 01(1.22e − 03)5.43e − 02(3.25e − 02)−1.01e − 01(1.07e − 02)−4.21e − 02(4.98e − 03)−7.96e − 02(3.93e − 03)−
86.02e − 03(9.67e − 05)2.29e − 03(7.77e − 04)−3.18e − 03(6.84e − 04)−1.24e − 04(7.69e − 05)−1.82e − 03(3.39e − 04)−
105.66e − 04(1.89e − 05)2.10e − 04(1.26e − 04)−2.36e − 04(6.20e − 05)−1.55e − 06(8.26e − 07)−1.12e − 04(2.32e − 05)−

MaF558.00e − 01(2.70e − 03)8.11e − 01(1.33e − 03)+7.93e − 01(4.06e − 03)−2.69e − 01(1.30e − 01)−6.68e − 01(2.99e − 02)−
89.32e − 01(1.01e − 03)9.35e − 01(1.40e − 03)+9.29e − 01(4.41e − 03)−2.01e − 01(6.84e − 02)−3.59e − 01(1.30e − 01)−
109.67e − 01(1.32e − 03)9.64e − 01(1.61e − 03)−9.65e − 01(1.90e − 03)−2.40e − 01(3.18e − 02)−1.60e − 01(1.00e − 01)−

MaF651.30e − 01(6.22e − 05)9.37e − 02(4.55e − 03)−1.10e − 01(2.78e − 03)−1.27e − 01(3.33e − 05)−1.30e − 01(1.40e − 05)+
81.06e − 01(1.66e − 05)9.83e − 02(1.15e − 02)−9.50e − 02(2.86e − 03)−1.04e − 01(3.24e − 05)−9.83e − 02(1.26e − 03)−
109.22e − 02(1.18e − 02)9.12e − 02(0.00e + 00)∼9.24e − 02(1.53e − 03)∼1.00e − 01(5.94e − 06)∼8.06e − 02(1.42e − 02)−

MaF752.53e − 01(3.05e − 02)3.29e − 01(1.70e − 03)+2.95e − 01(6.58e − 03)+2.26e − 01(2.42e − 03)−2.37e − 01(6.73e − 03)−
81.94e − 01(2.59e − 02)2.89e − 01(2.36e − 03)+2.26e − 01(6.39e − 03)+2.88e − 02(9.26e − 02)−6.78e − 02(9.38e − 02)−
101.83e − 01(3.18e − 02)2.64e − 01(1.78e − 03)+2.05e − 01(5.98e − 03)+6.37e − 03(5.21e − 04)−5.57e − 02(1.25e − 01)−

Best/all12/217/211/210/211/21

Worse/similar/better14−/0∼/7+16−/1∼/4+20−/0∼/1+20−/0∼/1+