Research Article

A Novel Angular-Guided Particle Swarm Optimizer for Many-Objective Optimization Problems

Table 4

Comparison of results of NMPSO and four current MOEAs on WF1-WFG9 using HV.

ProblemObjAGPSOVaEAMOEA/DDSPEA2 + SDE

WFG157.87e − 01(4.27e − 02)3.64e − 01(4.02e − 02)−5.73e − 01(4.76e − 02)−4.94e − 01(2.22e − 02)−7.26e − 01(2.27e − 02)−
88.75e − 01(3.77e − 02)5.78e − 01(3.32e − 02)−7.75e − 01(3.51e − 02)−3.48e − 01(9.75e − 02)−8.36e − 01(1.00e − 02)−
109.45e − 01(3.19e − 03)8.10e − 01(3.59e − 02)−8.73e − 01(1.59e − 02)−3.40e − 01(6.56e − 02)−8.55e − 01(8.50e − 03)−

WFG259.76e − 01(5.76e − 03)9.62e − 01(7.36e − 03)−9.63e − 01(6.36e − 03)−9.70e − 01(1.14e − 03)−9.60e − 01(3.83e − 03)∼
89.82e − 01(4.12e − 03)9.75e − 01(6.91e − 03)−9.01e − 01(1.65e − 01)−9.42e − 01(2.37e − 02)−9.76e − 01(3.56e − 03)−
109.93e − 01(1.99e − 03)9.86e − 01(4.59e − 03)−9.34e − 01(3.53e − 02)−9.76e − 01(1.82e − 02)−9.80e − 01(3.09e − 03)−

WFG356.59e − 01(5.16e − 03)5.71e − 01(1.73e − 02)−6.34e − 01(6.13e − 03)−5.69e − 01(1.07e − 02)−5.77e − 01(2.54e − 02)−
86.78e − 01(6.20e − 03)5.77e − 01(2.83e − 02)−5.69e − 01(6.73e − 02)−5.05e − 01(1.23e − 02)−5.55e − 01(4.06e − 02)−
106.91e − 01(7.88e − 03)5.63e − 01(3.05e − 02)−6.20e − 01(1.76e − 02)−4.98e − 01(1.55e − 02)−5.42e − 01(3.89e − 02)−

WFG457.74e − 01(5.34e − 03)7.13e − 01(1.06e − 02)−7.61e − 01(4.28e − 03)−7.83e − 01(4.35e − 03)+7.39e − 01(5.10e − 03)−
89.00e − 01(8.05e − 03)8.05e − 01(9.20e − 03)−7.89e − 01(2.07e − 02)−6.81e − 01(2.59e − 02)−7.85e − 01(1.07e − 02)−
109.37e − 01(6.64e − 03)8.43e − 01(9.97e − 03)−8.97e − 01(1.14e − 02)−8.53e − 01(2.69e − 02)−8.20e − 01(8.19e − 03)−

WFG557.41e − 01(6.12e − 03)6.97e − 01(7.19e − 03)−7.34e − 01(3.91e − 03)−7.41e − 01(3.39e − 03)∼7.08e − 01(6.05e − 03)−
88.61e − 01(4.35e − 03)7.91e − 01(1.00e − 02)−7.93e − 01(8.22e − 03)−6.66e − 01(2.51e − 02)−7.55e − 01(1.42e − 02)−
108.88e − 01(8.29e − 03)8.25e − 01(4.03e − 03)−8.69e − 01(3.20e − 03)−8.03e − 01(1.80e − 02)−7.98e − 01(9.63e − 03)−

WFG657.50e − 01(8.96e − 03)7.00e − 01(1.76e − 02)−7.42e − 01(1.06e − 02)−7.40e − 01(1.03e − 02)−7.19e − 01(1.01e − 02)−
88.72e − 01(1.26e − 02)8.18e − 01(9.27e − 03)−8.16e − 01(1.16e − 02)−7.23e − 01(2.91e − 02)−7.79e − 01(1.13e − 02)−
109.09e − 01(1.36e − 02)8.49e − 01(1.10e − 02)−8.89e − 01(1.08e − 02)−8.80e − 01(1.29e − 02)−8.17e − 01(1.80e − 02)−

WFG757.90e − 01(2.12e − 03)7.44e − 01(9.10e − 03)−7.90e − 01(2.04e − 03)∼7.85e − 01(3.80e − 03)−7.62e − 01(4.15e − 03)−
89.20e − 01(3.39e − 03)8.71e − 01(5.41e − 03)−8.52e − 01(1.16e − 02)−7.44e − 01(3.15e − 02)−8.22e − 01(1.28e − 02)−
109.55e − 01(9.11e − 03)9.08e − 01(5.61e − 03)−9.39e − 01(2.22e − 03)−9.22e − 01(1.50e − 02)−8.66e − 01(6.63e − 03)−

WFG856.63e − 01(3.75e − 03)5.98e − 01(1.27e − 02)−6.66e − 01(5.58e − 03)+6.81e − 01(3.20e − 03)+6.60e − 01(5.95e − 03)−
87.85e − 01(7.46e − 03)6.25e − 01(2.83e − 02)−6.61e − 01(1.85e − 02)−6.72e − 01(2.19e − 02)−7.48e − 01(1.19e − 02)−
108.36e − 01(1.30e − 02)6.73e − 01(3.66e − 02)−8.02e − 01(1.11e − 02)−8.12e − 01(7.59e − 03)−7.88e − 01(9.94e − 03)−

WFG956.57e − 01(3.82e − 03)6.43e − 01(1.42e − 02)−6.71e − 01(4.34e − 02)+6.55e − 01(4.42e − 03)−6.96e − 01(8.52e − 03)+
87.30e − 01(9.96e − 03)7.00e − 01(1.12e − 02)−7.12e − 01(3.63e − 02)−6.30e − 01(3.35e − 02)−7.38e − 01(5.00e − 02)+
107.49e − 01(9.03e − 03)7.20e − 01(2.35e − 02)−7.69e − 01(5.70e − 02)+6.74e − 01(2.56e − 02)−7.75e − 01(6.87e − 03)+

Best/all22/270/270/272/273/27

Worse/similar/better27−/0∼/0+23−/1∼/3+24−/1∼/2+23−/1∼/3+