Research Article

A Novel Angular-Guided Particle Swarm Optimizer for Many-Objective Optimization Problems

Table 5

Comparison of results of AGPSO and four current MOEAs on Maf1-Maf7 using HV.

ProblemObjAGPSOVaEAMOEA/DDSPEA2 + SDE

MaF151.31e − 02(1.43e − 04)1.11e − 02(2.73e − 04)−5.66e − 03(2.72e − 05)−2.96e − 03(8.34e − 05)−1.29e − 02(1.00e − 04)−
84.23e − 05(1.80e − 06)2.69e − 05(2.04e − 06)−2.93e − 05(2.03e − 06)−4.38e − 06(4.77e − 07)−3.87e − 05(9.83e − 07)−
106.16e − 07(3.49e − 08)3.60e − 07(2.21e − 08)−3.39e − 07(7.07e − 08)−3.45e − 08(2.21e − 08)−5.30e − 07(2.16e − 08)−

MaF252.64e − 01(1.18e − 03)2.35e − 01(4.80e − 03)−2.33e − 01(2.82e − 03)−2.34e − 01(1.48e − 03)−2.62e − 01(1.26e − 03)−
82.46e − 01(2.64e − 03)2.00e − 01(7.59e − 03)−1.71e − 01(1.82e − 02)−1.88e − 01(1.39e − 03)−2.36e − 01(3.06e − 03)−
102.45e − 01(2.08e − 03)2.01e − 01(1.25e − 02)−1.94e − 01(7.96e − 03)−1.91e − 01(3.21e − 03)−2.30e − 01(2.48e − 03)−

MaF359.88e − 01(2.87e − 03)9.97e − 01(1.13e − 03)+9.93e − 01(2.82e − 03)+9.98e − 01(9.54e − 05)+9.92e − 01(2.12e − 03)+
89.95e − 01(2.11e − 03)9.98e − 01(3.58e − 04)+9.92e − 01(3.83e − 03)−1.00e+ 00(9.42e − 07)+9.97e − 01(1.66e − 03)+
109.85e − 01(2.26e − 03)9.99e − 01(9.36e − 04)+9.70e − 01(5.68e − 03)−1.00e + 00(3.96e − 08)+9.99e − 01(4.94e − 04)+

MaF451.29e − 01(1.22e − 03)1.17e − 01(3.62e − 03)−7.32e − 02(8.89e − 03)−0.00e + 00(0.00e + 00)−1.07e − 01(5.37e − 03)−
86.02e − 03(9.67e − 05)2.44e − 03(3.28e − 04)−1.32e − 03(8.49e − 04)−0.00e + 00(0.00e + 00)−3.62e − 04(7.80e − 05)−
105.66e − 04(1.89e − 05)1.48e − 04(9.76e − 06)−2.29e − 04(3.57e − 05)−0.00e + 00(0.00e + 00)−4.23e − 06(1.65e − 06)−

MaF558.00e − 01(2.70e − 03)7.92e − 01(1.85e − 03)−8.13e − 01(4.51e − 05)+7.73e − 01(3.13e − 03)−7.84e − 01(4.38e − 03)−
89.32e − 01(1.01e − 03)9.08e − 01(3.80e − 03)−9.26e − 01(9.79e − 05)−8.73e − 01(6.71e − 03)−7.36e − 01(9.62e − 02)−
109.67e − 01(1.32e − 03)9.43e − 01(6.87e − 03)−9.70e − 01(4.61e − 05)+9.28e − 01(8.28e − 04)−7.12e − 01(1.18e − 01)−

MaF651.30e − 01(6.22e − 05)1.30e − 01(7.51e − 05)+1.17e − 01(3.12e − 03)−8.19e − 02(2.96e − 02)−1.29e − 01(1.84e − 04)−
81.06e − 01(1.66e − 05)1.06e − 01(2.20e − 05)+9.18e − 02(1.21e − 03)−2.48e − 02(1.29e − 02)−8.81e − 02(2.26e − 04)−
109.22e − 02(1.18e − 02)7.05e − 02(3.95e − 02)−4.57e − 02(4.66e − 02)−4.83e − 02(5.24e − 02)−2.71e − 02(1.00e − 01)−

MaF752.53e − 01(3.05e − 02)3.03e − 01(3.50e − 03)+2.79e − 01(7.42e − 03)+1.19e − 01(2.76e − 02)−3.31e − 01(1.76e − 03)+
81.94e − 01(2.59e − 02)2.24e − 01(6.17e − 03)+2.20e − 01(5.03e − 02)+7.06e − 04(7.80e − 04)−2.45e − 01(1.73e − 02)+
101.83e − 01(3.18e − 02)1.91e − 01(1.19e − 02)∼2.27e − 01(2.01e − 02)+9.05e − 05(4.81e − 05)−6.56e − 02(1.05e − 02)−

Best/all11/212/213/213/212/21

Worse/similar/better13−/1∼/7+15−/0∼/6+18−/0∼/3+16−/0∼/5+