Research Article

A Novel Angular-Guided Particle Swarm Optimizer for Many-Objective Optimization Problems

Table 6

Comparison of results of AGPSO with different velocity using HV.

ProblemObjAGPSOAGPSO-IAGPSO-II

WFG157.91e − 01(3.47e − 02)7.48e − 01(3.41e − 02)−7.51e − 01(3.88e − 02)−
88.85e − 01(2.54e − 02)8.14e − 01(3.94e − 02)−7.96e − 01(3.97e − 02)−
109.47e − 01(4.77e − 03)9.49e − 01(2.59e − 03)+9.45e − 01(3.49e − 03)∼

WFG259.76e − 01(5.13e − 03)9.76e − 01(2.81e − 03)∼9.78e − 01(5.19e − 03)+
89.87e − 01(2.65e − 03)9.89e − 01(2.21e − 03)+9.88e − 01(1.84e − 03)∼
109.92e − 01(3.30e − 03)9.93e − 01(1.38e − 03e − )+9.92e − 01(1.97e − 03)∼

WFG356.59e − 01(5.02e − 03)6.66e − 01(4.17e − 03)+6.57e − 01(5.40e − 03)∼
86.79e − 01(5.20e − 03)6.86e − 01(3.41e − 03)+6.79e − 01(4.02e − 03)∼
106.92e − 01(7.15e − 03)7.02e − 01(3.08e − 03)+6.93e − 01(4.13e − 03)∼

WFG45e − 7.76e − 01(5.69e − 03)7.57e − 01(7.87e − 03)−7.68e − 01(5.07e − 03)−
89.00e − 01(1.01e − 02)8.85e − 01(8.62e − 03)−8.94e − 01(8.43e − 03)−
109.39e − 01(7.42e − 03)9.31e − 01(8.35e − 03)−9.30e − 01(8.84e − 03)−

WFG557.42e − 01(4.66e − 03)7.34e − 01(7.45e − 03)−7.39e − 01(7.73e − 03)−
88.59e − 01(4.74e − 03)8.52e − 01(6.05e − 03)−8.58e − 01(5.45e − 03)∼
108.91e − 01(5.28e − 03)8.73e − 01(1.22e − 02)−8.78e − 01(2.21e − 02)−

WFG657.53e − 01(7.52e − 03)6.92e − 01(2.21e − 03)−7.52e − 01(3.85e − 03)∼
88.69e − 01(1.24e − 02)8.10e − 01(3.63e − 03)−8.83e − 01(5.64e − 03)+
109.12e − 01(1.22e − 02)8.40e − 01(3.57e − 03)−9.23e − 01(7.99e − 03)+

WFG757.90e − 01(2.13e − 03)7.81e − 01(3.32e − 03)−7.85e − 01(2.78e − 03)−
89.21e − 01(2.89e − 03)9.15e − 01(3.11e − 03)−9.13e − 01(3.18e − 03)−
109.55e − 01(9.72e − 03)9.55e − 01(2.26e − 03)∼9.44e − 01(1.59e − 02)−

WFG856.61e − 01(5.62e − 03)6.44e − 01(3.76e − 03)−6.54e − 01(5.95e − 03)−
87.87e − 01(7.11e − 03)7.80e − 01(4.75e − 03)−7.81e − 01(5.89e − 03)−
108.41e − 01(5.48e − 03)8.45e − 01(3.13e − 03)+8.31e − 01(1.76e − 02)−

WFG956.58e − 01(4.54e − 03)6.53e − 01(3.73e − 03)−6.53e − 01(2.99e − 03)−
87.29e − 01(9.55e − 03)7.20e − 01(1.21e − 02)−7.23e − 01(8.94e − 03)−
107.51e − 01(1.21e − 02)7.35e − 01(1.18e − 02)−7.36e − 01(1.04e − 02)−

MaF151.30e − 02(1.29e − 04)1.30e − 02(1.10e − 04)∼1.30e − 02(1.04e − 04)∼
84.23e − 05(1.45e − 06)4.12e − 05(1.35e − 06)−4.14e − 05(1.78e − 06)−
106.12e − 07(4.40e − 08)6.07e − 07(2.30e − 08)∼6.10e − 07(2.83e − 08)∼

MaF252.64e − 01(9.97e − 04)2.62e − 01(1.08e − 03)−2.61e − 01(1.10e − 03)−
82.46e − 01(1.64e − 03)2.40e − 01(1.89e − 03)−2.41e − 01(1.66e − 03)−
102.45e − 01(1.84e − 03)2.39e − 01(2.75e − 03)−2.41e − 01(2.19e − 03)−

MaF359.90e − 01(4.96e − 03)9.76e − 01(2.92e − 02)−4.96e − 01(3.82e − 01)−
89.68e − 01(1.95e − 03)9.36e − 01(9.22e − 02)−3.73e − 01(3.08e − 01)−
109.92e − 01(2.55e − 03)9.72e − 01(1.86e − 02)−4.42e − 01(3.77e − 01)−

MaF451.29e − 01(1.33e − 03)1.08e − 01(1.44e − 02)−1.18e − 01(2.08e − 03)−
86.03e − 03(1.88e − 04)3.33e − 03(1.02e − 03)−4.74e − 03(2.12e − 04)−
105.62e − 04(1.47e − 05)2.58e − 04(9.13e − 05)−3.65e − 04(2.55e − 05)−

MaF558.01e − 01(1.81e − 03)8.00e − 01(3.40e − 03)∼8.00e − 01(2.06e − 03)∼
89.32e − 01(1.97e − 03)9.31e − 01(1.39e − 03)−9.31e − 01(1.58e − 03)−
109.67e − 01(1.09e − 03)9.66e − 01(7.51e − 04)−9.66e − 01(1.18e − 03)−

MaF651.30e − 01(5.82e − 05)1.30e − 01(3.35e − 05)−1.30e − 01(5.60e − 05)−
81.03e − 01(2.78e − 05)4.51e − 02(4.39e − 02)−6.64e − 02(5.81e − 02)−
109.49e − 02(1.27e − 02)4.55e − 02(7.07e − 02)−4.40e − 02(4.92e − 02)−

MaF752.51e − 01(4.40e − 02)3.09e − 01(2.58e − 03)+2.49e − 01(3.73e − 02)∼
81.91e − 01(4.11e − 02)2.54e − 01(4.64e − 03)+2.22e − 01(1.68e − 02)+
101.78e − 01(3.53e − 02)2.32e − 01(4.46e − 03)+2.01e − 01(9.95e − 03)+

Best/all34/4810/484/48

Better/similar/worse33−/5∼/10+31−/12∼/5+