Operational Safety Risk Assessment for the Water Channels of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Based on TODIM-FMEA

Table 1

The failure modes of the water channels in the MRP during the operation stage.

Serial number	Failure mode	Main causes of the failure	Effects of the failure
FM1	Structural cracks	Temperature change, shrinkage, freezing, uneven settling of the foundation, etc.	Reduce the durability of the structure, weaken its bearing capacity, and can cause failure and destruction of the structures
FM2	Poor water delivery during ice periods	Ice blocks the water delivery	Water overflows and damage to channel embankments
FM3	Instability of the channel slope	Sudden change of water level; reduction of the antislide stability of the foundation	Causes overtopping and regional floods around the water diversion system
FM4	Material aging	Carbonization of concrete, temperature change, and freeze-thaw damage	Leakage
FM5	Abnormal leakage	Microcracks and biological destruction	The collapse of the bank slope, which affects the safety of the structures
FM6	Foundation defects	Expansive (rock) soils, loess soil, saturated sand sections, and filled sections	Loss of bearing capacity of the foundation and collapse of structures

Note. FM: failure mode.