Smart City Landscape Design Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Table 3

Comparison of the mean square error results of the three algorithms on the test function.

Methods	BP	BPSO	LTQPSO
Optimal MSE	0.0018	0.0037	0.0009
Worst MSE	0.0321	0.0978	0.0015
Mean	0.0187	0.0265	0.0018
Variance	0.0012	0.0024	0.0006