Spatiotemporal Changes and Simulation of the Architectural Ethnicity at World Heritage Sites under Tourism Development

Table 1

Classification standard for assessment indices of architectural ethnicity (sources: created by the authors on the basis of hierarchical model).

Criterion	Index	Classification standard	Score
Appearance	Number of floors	2/3; 1; 4; 5; 6 or above	5; 4; 3; 2; 1
	Window design	Entirely Tibetan; Mainly Tibetan; Mainly Chinese; Entirely Chinese	5; 4; 3; 2
	Surface materials	Equivalent to construction materials (rammed earth/wood/stone); ≥1/2 stone or wooden decorations; <1/2 stone or wooden decorations; Mainly painted and no stone or wooden decoration	5; 4; 3; 2
Structure	Main structure	Traditional wooden structure; Modern wooden structure; Brick-and-wood structure; Brick-and-concrete construction; Reinforced concrete/other structures	5; 4; 3; 2; 1
	Roof shape	Pitched roof; Combination of pitched roof and other shape(s); Flat roof	5; 3; 1
Spatial functions	Herding livestock	Functional; Not functional	5; 1
	Daily living	Scored according to the presence of main chamber, bedroom, prayer hall, field for drying crop, and storage	1-5
	Storage	Functional; Not functional	5; 1
Ethnic culture	Religious implements	Scored according to the presence of white tower, prayer wheel, wind wheel/prayer flag, and indoor ritual implements	1–5
	Architecture decorations	Scored according to the presence of decorations of the walls, doors and windows, beams and columns, eaves, and the interior	1–5
	Indoor furniture	Mainly Tibetan; Mixture of Tibetan and Chinese; Mainly Chinese	5; 3; 1