Research Article

[Retracted] Research on the Measurement, Evolution, and Driving Factors of Green Innovation Efficiency in Yangtze River Economic Belt: A Super-SBM and Spatial Durbin Model

Table 1

Evaluation indicator system of green innovation efficiency in YREB.

TypeIndicatorDescription

InputsLaborNumber of R&D employees (10,000 people)
CapitalTotal investment in R&D (Billion yuan)
EnergyTotal energy consumption (tons of standard coal)

Desirable outputsEconomicNew product sales revenue (billion yuan)
TechnologyNumber of patent applications (billion)

Undesirable outputsIndustrial wasteExhaust emissions, wastewater discharge, and solid waste (tons)