Research Article

Critical Factors to Achieve Sustainability of Public-Private Partnership Projects in the Water Sector: A Stakeholder-Oriented Network Perspective

Table 2

List of critical factors influencing sustainability in water PPP projects.

DimensionFactorsContentLiterature source

EconomyValue of money in lifecycleThe effort made to meet the VFM requirement during the entire project lifecycleXiong and Zhu [47]; Ugwu et al. [53]
Sustainable cash flowThe project can produce stable and reasonable cash flow during its lifecycleShen et al. [54]; Shen et al. [55]
Fiscal pressure of governmentThe financial pressure on the local government when investing in the projectLi et al. [33]; Wang and Zhao [56]
Value-added benefits to land around the projectsThe project may improve the living or business environment in the project’s surrounding area, which may add value to the land and increase the fiscal revenueLi et al. [33]; Yılmaz and Bakış [48]; Shen et al. [55]

SocietyPublic satisfactionThe index to evaluate the satisfaction degree of people regarding the project and local governmentKivilä et al. [57]; Mavi and Standing [58]; Heravi et al. [59]
Corporate-social responsibilityThe awareness of responsibility for a corporation to contribute to the improvement of societyHosseini et al. [12]; Hueting [60]; Hutchins and Sutherland [61]
Legal underpinning and institutional arrangementsThe governing structure, regulation system, and market arrangement of the project regionHosseini et al. [12]; Banerjee et al. [62]; Ménard et al. [63]
Government management capacityThe capacity of the government to manage the projectPatil et al. [30]; House [64]

EcologyEffect on water qualityThe changes of water quality, including drinking water quality, and sewage treatmentShen et al. [54]; Shen et al. [55]; Li et al. [65]; Lundin and Morrison [66]
Reduction of energy consumptionThe reduction of energy consumption during the project constructionShen et al. [55]; Ugwu et al. [53]
Usage of recycled material and green innovation technologyAdoption of recycled construction material and innovation technology during the project construction and operationBegum et al. [67]; Hewage and Porwal [68]; Brown and Sovacool [69]; Ugwu and Haupt [70]
Ecology and biodiversityAdoption of measures to maintain a healthy ecological environment and protect various kinds of animals and plantsYılmaz and Bakış [48]

GovernanceConstruction qualityThe construction quality of the projectSilvius and Schipper [71]
Trust and communication among organizationsReflecting relationships and interactions between different stakeholdersHouse [64]; Allouche and Finger [72]
Management capacityIncluding contract management capacity, risk management capacity, and operation management capacityBeh [73]; Liu and Yamamoto [74]: Chou and Pramudawardhani [75]
Environmental designAdopting an environmentally friendly project designUgwu et al. [53]; Shen et al. [76]; Li et al. [65]