Predicting Excavation-Induced Tunnel Response by Process-Based Modelling

Table 1

ANN input layer.

Excavation geometries	Mechanical properties of support structures	Soil properties (parameterized through HSS model)
Excavation depth	Bending stiffness of retaining wall, EI	Shear modulus at very small strains
Excavation width	Axial stiffness of retaining wall, EA	Cohesion
Embedded depth of retaining wall	Poisson’s ratio of retaining wall material	Angle of internal friction
Excavation depth divided by the layers of struts	Axial stiffness of struts, EA	etc.
Vertical distance between excavation bottom and the nearest lateral support
Averaged vertical and lateral space between struts