Two-Stage Hybrid Machine Learning Model for High-Frequency Intraday Bitcoin Price Prediction Based on Technical Indicators, Variational Mode Decomposition, and Support Vector Regression

<div>Bar chart of MAE, RMSE, NMRSE, and MAPE of actual and predicted intraday Bitcoin price by SVR-TI, SVR-rVMF, and SVR-TI-rVMF using testing data. (a) MAE. (b) RMSE. (c) NMRSE. (d) MAPE.</div>

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Figure 13: Two-Stage Hybrid Machine Learning Model for High-Frequency Intraday Bitcoin Price Prediction Based on Technical Indicators, Variational Mode Decomposition, and Support Vector Regression 

Figure 13 | Two-Stage Hybrid Machine Learning Model for High-Frequency Intraday Bitcoin Price Prediction Based on Technical Indicators, Variational Mode Decomposition, and Support Vector Regression 