Research Article

Decomposition-Based Multistep Sea Wind Speed Forecasting Using Stacked Gated Recurrent Unit Improved by Residual Connections

Table 4

Comparison of VMD-based models with and without residual connections.

 StepVMD-GRUVMD-Stacked GRU without residual connectionsVMD-Stacked GRU with residual connections (a)VMD-Stacked GRU with residual connections (b)
RMSEMAEMAPERMSEMAEMAPERMSEMAEMAPERMSEMAEMAPE

Area 110.13850.10582.05860.14360.10802.06250.13690.10391.99200.13530.10272.0204
20.16430.12902.51750.17330.13612.61720.15830.12212.28830.15830.12382.4080
30.17790.13932.72370.18890.14852.77300.17300.13322.56870.16550.13012.5090

Area 210.15730.11861.88290.17400.12952.05980.15600.11721.82880.17080.12801.9927
20.20900.16222.71260.22090.17122.83130.21410.16652.80830.22340.17332.7884
30.26170.20443.50490.25760.20043.33410.25000.19503.38320.25580.19943.2428

Area 310.10310.07711.58460.10360.07721.59470.10390.07761.60810.10560.07891.6002
20.12530.09722.02680.12550.09722.02490.12520.09752.03340.12550.09752.0457
30.13670.10672.26420.13610.10632.23950.13580.10622.25200.13470.10532.2406