Industrial Agglomeration Analysis Based on Spatial Durbin Model: Evidence from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Economic Circle in China

Table 4

Decomposition of spatial effects.

Variable	Direct effect	Indirect effect	Total effect
lnX1	0.419	0.647	0.865
	(0.245)	(0.374)	(0.393)
lnX2	0.118	0.147	0.215
	(0.048)	(0.069)	(0.053)
lnX1_lnX2	−0.134	0.070	−0.093
	(0.062)	(0.039)	(0.049)
Z1	−0.827	−1.307	−2.134
	(0.351)	(2.666)	(3.361)
Z2	2.122	8.701	10.823
	(3.098)	(3.869)	(4.651)
Z3	0.543	3.529	4.072
	(0.632)	(1.911)	(3.634)

Note. , , , and indicate significant differences at 10%, 5%, and 1% test levels, respectively.