Optimization Scheme of Fine Toll and Bus Departure Quantity for Bottleneck Congestion Management

Table 1

Some research results of commuting bottleneck management.

Literatures	Type of travel mode	Decision variable	Target
Ge et al. [17]	Single mode	Toll	Minimum generalized cost
Lindsey et al. [18]	Single mode	Step toll	Toll levels and tolling periods optimal
Laih [19]	Single mode	Step toll	Eliminate queuing time
Miralinaghi and Peeta [20]	Single mode	Tradable credit	Minimize emissions
Ma and Zhang [21]	Single mode	Ridesharing payment and parking charge	Eliminate queuing time
Liu and Li [22]	Single mode	Toll	System optimal
Xiao et al. [23]	Multimode	Tradable parking permit	System optimal
Chen et al. [24]	Multimode	Vehicle lane	Minimize social cost
Seilabi et al. [25]	Multimode	Tradable credit	Minimize total travel time
Holguín-Veras and Cetin [26]	Multimode	Toll	Maximize collective welfare
This paper	Multimode	Fine toll and bus departure quantity	Eliminate queuing time and reduce congestion risk cost without increasing travel cost