Research Article

[Retracted] False Financial Statement Identification Based on Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm

Table 1

Differences and connections between the three kinds of fraud motivation theories.

Theory typeRisk factor

Fraud trianglePressureExcuseOpportunity
GONE theoryGreedyNeedOpportunityExposed
Fraud risk factor theoryMoral characterMotivationOpportunityExposurePunishment