An Efficient Traffic Incident Detection and Classification Framework by Leveraging the Efficacy of Model Stacking

Table 2

Summary of congestion detection systems.

Ref #	ML technique	Independent variables	MFC
[29]	Unsupervised	Speed	✗
[30]	Unsupervised	Density	✗
[31]	Unsupervised	Road area, car ownership, and vehicle miles traveled	✗
[32]	Unsupervised	Average speed, density, traffic flow	✗
[33]	Supervised	Spatial-temporal activity, image pixel for the speed	✗
[34]	Supervised	Loop data	✗
[35]	Unsupervised	ST properties	✗
[36]	Supervised	Volume, speed, occupancy	✗