Exploiting Contextual Word Embedding of Authorship and Title of Articles for Discovering Citation Intent Classification
Table 1
Description of citation intent classes with examples from respective datasets.
Intent class
Dataset
Description
Example
Background
(1) C2D-I (2) ACL-ARC (3) SciCite
Class of citations providing definitions, explanation of a topic or area
(1) The following four components have been identified as the key elements of a question related to patient care (Richardson et al., 1995) (2) The recent great advances in speech and language technologies have made it possible to build fully implemented spoken dialogue systems (Aust et al., 1995; Allen et al., 1996; Zue et al., 2000; and Walker et al., 2000)
Uses
ACL-ARC
The citing paper is using technique, dataset and results of a cited article
(1) We use the agreement checker code developed by Alkuhlani and Habash (2011) and evaluate our baseline (MaltParser using only CORE12), best-performing model (easy-first Parser using CORE12 + DET + LMM + PERSON + FN NGR g + p) and the gold reference (2) […] We used the supervised WSD approach described in by Lee and Ng, 2002, for our experiments, using the naive Bayes algorithm as our classifier
Comparison
(1) ACL-ARC (2) SciCite In SciCite, this class is called Result
The citing author expresses the similarity of the method or results of the proposed method with a cited reference
(1) Similar to the work of Li et al., 2013, our summarization system consists of three key components: an initial sentence preselection module to select some important sentence candidates; the abovementioned compression model to generate n-best compressions for each sentence; and then, an ILP summarization method to select the best summary sentences from the multiple compressed sentences (2) Tateisi et al. also translated LTAG into HPSG (Tateisi et al., 1998) (3) We are going to make such a comparison with the theories proposed by J. Hobbs (1979, 1982) that represent a more computationally oriented approach to coherence and those of T.A. van Dijk and W. Kintch (1983), who are more interested in addressing psychological and cognitive aspects of discourse coherence
Motivation
ACL-ARC
The cited paper demonstrates the need for a new method, technique, or dataset
(1) This idea was inspired by Delisle et al. (1993), who used a list of arguments surrounding the main verb together with the verb’s subcategorization information and previously processed examples to analyze semantic roles (case relations) xxxx. (2) Our motivation for generation of material for language education exists in work such as that of Sumita et al. (2005) and Mostow and Jang (2012), which deal with automatic generation of classic fill-in-the-blank questions
Extension
(1) ACL-ARC
The citing paper is extending the work or dataset of the referenced research
(1) We improve a two-dimensional multimodal version of LDA (Andrews et al., 2009) (2) Our work builds on earlier research on learning to identify dialogues in which the user experienced poor speech recognizer performance (Litman et al., 1999)
Method
(1) C2D-I (2) SciCite
Same as the extension class mentioned above
Same as the extension class mentioned above
Future
ACL-ARC
The cited research has potential use or extension in future work
(1) We perceive that these results can be extended to other language models that properly embed bilexical context-free grammars, such as, for instance, the more general history-based models used in the work of Ratnaparkhi, 1997, and Chelba and Jelinek, 1998. (2) Such a component would serve as the first stage of a clinical question answering system (Demner-Fushman and Lin, 2005) or summarization system (McKeown et al., 2003)
The reference article is an important one and must be counted towards the main contribution or being extended by the citing article
(1) We use the nonprojective k-best MST algorithm to generate k-best lists (Hall, 2007), where k = 8 for the experiments in this paper (2) For better comparison with the work of others, we adopt the suggestion made by Green and Manning (2010) to evaluate the parsing quality on sentences up to 70 tokens long
The reference article may be merely for definition or discussion of how the area of research is important
(1) Typical letter-to-sound rule sets are those described by Ainsworth (1973), McIlroy (1973), Elovitz et al. (1976), Hurmicutt (1976), and Divay and Vitale (1997)
