Grandparental Childcare and Second Birth in China: Evidence from a Dynamic Model and Empirical Study
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of the used sample, which is a subset of the CMDS2016. For variables with binary values, the mean indicates the proportion of the positive class.
Type
Variable
Description
Full sample
Household (two births)
Household (one birth)
Mean
S.D.
Mean
S.D.
Mean
S.D.
Explained
Having the second birth
Yes
0.443
0.497
1
0
0
0
Demographic
Age of the father
Continuous (years)
34.494
5.102
35.261
4.875
33.882
5.195
Age of the mother
Continuous (years)
32.680
5.098
33.445
4.922
32.071
5.153
Ethnicity of the parents
Both Hans
0.903
0.296
0.885
0.319
0.918
0.275
Age of the first child
Continuous (years)
8.770
4.372
10.255
4.115
7.588
4.207
Gender of the first child
Girl
0.466
0.499
0.577
0.494
0.377
0.485
Primal-care provider for the first child
Parents
0.532
0.499
0.507
0.500
0.551
0.497
Father
0.007
0.086
0.006
0.078
0.008
0.091
Mother
0.196
0.397
0.186
0.006
0.203
0.402
Grandparents
0.233
0.423
0.267
0.442
0.206
0.404
Other caretakers
0.028
0.165
0.028
0.165
0.028
0.166
Nobody
0.004
0.065
0.005
0.072
0.004
0.060
Socioeconomic
Education level of the father
Junior school and below
0.083
0.276
0.118
0.323
0.055
0.228
Junior high school
0.566
0.496
0.627
0.484
0.518
0.500
Senior high school
0.233
0.423
0.193
0.395
0.265
0.441
College and above
0.117
0.322
0.061
0.239
0.162
0.369
Education level of the mother
Junior school and below
0.118
0.322
0.173
0.378
0.074
0.261
Junior high school
0.569
0.495
0.619
0.486
0.530
0.499
Senior high school
0.214
0.410
0.162
0.369
0.255
0.436
College and above
0.099
0.299
0.046
0.209
0.142
0.349
Family monthly income
Continuous (in log)
8.763
0.536
8.742
0.556
8.779
0.519
Settlement intention
Settle down
0.622
0.485
0.597
0.491
0.642
0.480
Return home
0.045
0.207
0.047
0.211
0.043
0.203
Go to other places
0.028
0.164
0.028
0.164
0.028
0.164
Uncertain
0.306
0.461
0.328
0.470
0.288
0.453
Household registration (a.k.a Hukou) of the parents
Both rural Hukous
0.833
0.373
0.891
0.311
0.786
0.410
Different Hukou types
0.075
0.264
0.053
0.224
0.093
0.290
Both urban Hukous
0.092
0.289
0.055
0.229
0.121
0.326
The child migrates with their parents
Yes
0.512
0.500
0.540
0.498
0.490
0.500
The respondent participates in labor force
Yes
0.848
0.359
0.835
0.371
0.858
0.350
S.D.: standard deviation. A hypothesis test is conducted to identify the difference between the means of the two-birth household group and one-birth household group. ,, and denote significance levels of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.
