Research Article

An Adaptive Reference Vector Adjustment Strategy and Improved Angle-Penalized Value Method for RVEA

Algorithm 1

The main procedure of AP-RVEA.
Input: population Size ; objective size ; the maximal function evaluations ();
Output: final population ;
(1)Generate a set of unit reference vectors ;
(2)Generate a population ;
(3)Initialize function evaluations ;
(4);
(5)whiledo
(6);
(7);
(8);
(9)ifthen
(10);
(11);
(12);