The Core-Periphery Structure in the Yangtze River Delta: An Enterprise Linkage Perspective, 1978–2019

Figure 3

Headquarters-branch enterprise linkages between Shanghai and hinterland cities. (a) 1978. (b) 1992. (c) 2003. (d) 2009. (e) 2019.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)