[Retracted] Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Nonpharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Inattention for ADHD: A Network Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

Author, year	Design		Sample size		Age		Jadad score	Tool
	Expl	Ctrol	Expl	Ctrol	Exp	Ctrol
Naomi, 2014	CBT	Ctrol	34	36	8.9 ± 1	8.4 ± 1.1	4	CAARS
Young, 2016	PUFA	PE	11	14			7	SNAP
Safren, 2010	CBT	Ctrol	43	43	42.3 ± 10	44 ± 12.2	6	CAARS-S
Young, 2016	PUFA	Ctrol	11	11			7	SNAP
Arthur, 2015	CBT	Ctrol	43	43	20.3		6	CAARS-S
Toshiko, 2015	PUFA	Ctrol	38	38	13.7 ± 1.1		3	CAARS
LaCount, 2015	CBT	Ctrol	17	17			4	BCS
Crippa, 2017	PUFA	Ctrol	25	23	11.1 ± 1.9	10.9 ± 1.4	6	ASRS
Leanne, 2015	CBT	Ctrol	10	9	4.9 ± 1.1	5.2 ± 1.4	4	SNAP-IV
Tzang, 2016	PUFA	Ctrol	58	58	9.3 ± 2.7	9 ± 2.2	6	SNAP
Fleming, 2015	CBT	Ctrol	19	16	21.2 ± 1.7	21.5 ± 1.1	6	BCS
Cornu, 2017	PUFA	Ctrol	80	82	7 ± 3	6.9 ± 2.9	6	ASRS
Wang, 2016	CBT	Ctrol	10	12	26 ± 4.5	24.8 ± 4	7	CAARS-S
Muller, 2014	PUFA	Ctrol	55	55			6	DISYPs
Zahra, 2014	WMT	Ctrol	12	12			5	SNAP
Dienke, 2015	PUFA	Ctrol	19	18	10.3 ± 2.0		6	CBCL
Anna, 2015	WMT	Ctrol	13	13	5.29 ± 0.4	5.3 ± 0.4	7	IPDDAI
Crippa, 2019	PUFA	Ctrol	25	25	11.1 ± 1.9	10.9 ± 1.4	6	ASRS
Wei, 2017	WMT	Ctrol	11	9	10.3 ± 3.5	10.3 ± 2.9	5	SNAP-IV
Celestino, 2019	PUFA	Ctrol	46	49			6	CAARS
Martine, 2014	WMT	Ctrol	27	24	6.5 ± 0.6	6.6 ± 0.7	6	CAARS-S
Pelsser, 2011	PUFA	Ctrol	50	50	6.8 ± 1.3	7 ± 1.3	6	ASRS
Jens, 2013	WMT	Ctrol	38	37			2	CAARS-S
Moreno, 2019	NF	CBT	21	19	9.21 ± 1.9	8.1 ± 1.3	7	ASRS
Agnese, 2018	WMT	Ctrol	40	40			6	IPDDAI
Minder, 2018A	NF	CBT	29	23	11.4 ± 1.7	10.8 ± 1.8	6	CAARS
Beck, 2013	WMT	Ctrol	26	26			6	CAARS-S
Minder, 2018B	NF	CBT	25	25	10.6 ± 2.3	10.4 ± 2.0	6	CAARS
Sandie, 2018	WMT	Ctrol	22	13			6	CAARS-S
Michael, 2017A	NF	CBT	38	41	40 ± 11.2	38 ± 11.3	4	CAARS
Naomi, 2011	CT	Ctrol	13	15	12.4 ± 0.9		6	CAARS-S
Michael, 2017B	NF	CBT	39	41	35.7 ± 11	38 ± 11.3	4	CAARS
Aida, 2018	CT	Ctrol	35	35	9.8 ± 2.0	10.1 ± 1.5	6	CAARS-S
Maurizio, 2014	NF	BF	13	12	10.6 ± 1.3	10 ± 1.2	7	CAARS
Leanne, 2013	CT	Ctrol	51	51	9.1 ± 1.2	9.5 ± 1.5	6	SNAP-IV
Ali, 2011	NF	BF	18	17	9.6 ± 2.2	9.1 ± 1.6	6	CAARS
Oord, 2012	CT	Ctrol	21	22	10 ± 1.0	9.6 ± 1.4	6	DBDRS-P
Strehl, 2017	NF	BF	76	74	8.6 ± 0.9	8.6 ± 0.9	4	ASRS
Choon, 2019	CT	Ctrol	85	87	8.7 ± 1.4	8.6 ± 1.7	6	CAARS-S
Gelade, 2018	NF	SPT	39	37	10 ± 1.9	9.8 ± 2.0	6	SWAN
Bachmann, 2018	MAP	PE	21	19	40 ± 10.6	40 ± 13.8	7	CAARS-S
Gelade, 2016	NF	SPT	39	37	9.8 ± 1.9	9.6 ± 1.8	6	SWAN
Dovis, 2015	MAP	PE	41	40	10.3 ± 1.3	10.5 ± 1.3	6	CAARS-S
Chien, 2016	SPT	Ctrol	16	16	10.7 ± 1	10 ± 1.2	7	CBCL
John, 2017	MAP	Ctrol	11	11	40.6 ± 6.8	36.2 ± 6.9	2	CAARS-S
Claudia, 2012	SPT	Ctrol	10	11	9.1 ± 1.1		6	CBCL
Huguet, 2017	MAP	Ctrol	5	5	9.2 ± 1.3		7	CAARS-S
Naomi, 2014	NF	Ctrol	34	36	8.4 ± 1.1	8.9 ± 1	5	CAARS
Poppy, 2013	MAP	Ctrol	32	29	39.5 ± 9.5	33.9 ± 9.8	2	CAARS-S
Naomi, 2011	NF	Ctrol	13	15	12.4 ± 0.9		6	CAARS-S
Jillian, 2013	MAP	Ctrol	20	20	15.5 ± 1.6		3	CAARS-S
Holger, 2010	NF	Ctrol	59	35	9.1 ± 1.3	9.5 ± 1.1	7	FBB-HKS
Herman, 2017	MAP	Ctrol	50	50	6.3 ± 0.9	5.92 ± 0.7	6	ASRS
M.M, 2010	NF	Ctrol	8	6	10.4 ± 2.3	10 ± 1.7	7	DSM-IV
Lotte, 2018	MAP	Ctrol	60	60	39.7 ± 1	39 ± 10.1	6	CAARS
Meise l, 2013	NF	Ctrol	14	13	9.53 ± 1.8		6	ASRS
Edel, 2014	MAP	Ctrol	39	52	33.8 ± 10	36.7 ± 10	7	CAARS
Bink, 2016	NF	Ctrol	59	31	15.9 ± 3.3	16.2 ± 3	6	ASRS
Gu, 2018	MC	Ctrol	30	26			4	CAARS
Shereena, 2018	NF	Ctrol	24	19	8.7 ± 1.8	9.7 ± 2.4	6	ASRS
Hepark, 2019	MC	Ctrol	55	48	36.5 ± 10	35.2 ± 9	6	CAARS-S
Albrecht, 2017	NF	Ctrol	24	24	11.3 ± 2.8	11.5 ± 3	6	FBB-HKS
Kathryn, 2019	VM	Ctrol	47	46	9.3 ± 1.1	9.9 ± 1.8	6	ASRS
ManHee, 2015	NF	Ctrol	8	8			5	CAARS
Julia, 2018	VM	Ctrol	47	46	10.1 ± 1.6	9.4 ± 1.5	6	ASRS
Alegria, 2017	NF	Ctrol	18	13	14.1 ± 1.5	13.6 ± 2	7	CAARS
Julia, 2017	VM	Ctrol	42	38	34 ± 12.7		6	CAARS
Harris, 2019	NF	Ctrol	11	11			7	CAARS
Hatem, 2018	VI	Ctrol	20	20	9.3 ± 2.6	8.8 ± 3.72	6	CAARS
Joshua, 2012	SB	Ctrol	23	24			3	ASRS
Nadia, 2019	VI	Ctrol	51	51	9.8 ± 2.4	8.6 ± 2.0	6	CAARS
Looyeh, 2012	SB	Ctrol	7	7			5	CSI-4
Eugene, 2011	MI	Ctrol	8	24	8.9 ± 2.3	10.2 ± 2.7	7	SNAP
Young, 2016	PE	Ctrol	14	11			7	SNAP
Fereshteh, 2015	MI	Ctrol	33	33	7.8 ± 1.2	8.4 ± 1.4	6	ASRS
Alexandra, 2015	PE	Ctrol	107	109	35 ± 11	35 ± 10	6	CAARS-S
Vidal, 2013	PE	CBT	17	15	39.4 ± 9.3	39.5 ± 6	4	CAARS-S
Bai, 2015	PE	Ctrol	44	45	9.3 ± 2.8	9.6 ± 2.9	7	ASRS
Maite, 2013	PE	Ctrol	44	37	11.3 ± 3.0	9.9 ± 3.0	6	CAARS
Naomi, 2014	CBT	NF	34	34	8.4 ± 1.1		4	CAARS
Naomi, 2011	CT	NF	13	13	12.4 ± 0.9		6	CAARS-S

Note: CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; WMT = working memory training; CT = computer training; MAP = meditation; MC = meditation and cognition; VM = vitamin and mineral; VI = vitamin; Mi = mineral; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acid; NF = neurofeedback; BF = biofeedback; SB = school-based training; PE = psychological education; SPT = sport intervention therapy; ctrol = control group; CAARS-S = Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale Self-Report; BCS = Barkley ADHD Current Symptoms Scale; SNAP = Swanson, Nolan, Pelham; IPDDAI = rating scale “identificazione precoce del disturbo da deficit di attenzione iperattivita; DBDRS-P = Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale; ASRS = adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; DISYPs = FBB ADHS parent-rated and teacher-rated programmes; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist; SWAN = Strengths and Weaknesses in ADHD and Normal Behaviors; FBB-HKS = Fremdbeurteilungsbogen fur Hyperkinetische Storungen; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; CSI-4 = Children Symptom Inventory.