The Camp Nou Stadium as a Testbed for City Physiology: A Modular Framework for Urban Digital Twins

Figure 9

Result of the case study. The diagram shows the structure of the digital twin, and how end users employ it to make informed decisions about possible intervention for the facility management of the physical twin. The digital twin is made of both conceptual and technical layers. In this particular case, the outputs are spatial metrics (Built Domain) about the behavior of the crowd (Society). If the resulting interpretations are nonactionable or inconclusive, both conceptual and technical layers need to be refactored, and new metrics computed (feedback between end user and digital twin, grey/red arrows). When translated into actions, the insights gained from the digital twin may change the reality of the physical twin (red dashed arrow), leading to a change in the input data (feedback between physical and digital twin, blue arrows). The digital and the physical twins need the intervention and decision-making of the end user to interact; even though the output of the digital twin is targeted at one layer, the actions undertaken may affect others, showing both the complexity of the problem and the sensitivity of the framework. Created using icons from the noun project (https://thenounproject.com - “environment” icon by iconixar, “ecosystem” icon by Kamin Ginkaew, “buildings” icon by Ralf Schmitzer, “Society” icon by David García, “Water” icon by Icongeek26, “Tram” icon by Andrejs Kirma, and “Network” icon by Priyanka) under a CC license.