|
| Reference | Proposed Technique | Allocation/ Sharing/Sensing | Centralized/ Distributed | Simulation/Frequency Band | Efficiency | Parameters Improved |
|
| [5] | Blockchain-based safe FL framework has been presented by the authors in order to build smart contracts and prohibit malevolent or unreliable FL players. | Sharing | Centralized | MATLAB | Improved | PU Arrival |
| Service time |
| Number of Hand-offs |
|
| [6] | AI-enabled cellular networks for Beyond-5G and 6th generation (6G) networks are on the horizon. | Sharing | Centralized | Google Tensorflow on MNIST dataset and CIFAR-10 dataset, respectively. | Improved | Data Accuracy |
|
| [7] | SBMs are uploaded to the blockchain-based VANET in a revolutionary decentralized architecture employing blockchain technology that integrates UGG, IPP, and LPP algorithms with the method of dynamic threshold encryption and k-anonymity unity. | Sharing and Allocation | Centralized | - | - | AI-enabled fault identification |
| Self-Recovery Mechanism |
|
| [8] | User association rules are learned via a reinforcement learning process by access points on their own in order to pick secondary user protocols for handoff and mobility management. | Sharing/ Privacy Protection | Distributed | MATLAB | Improved | system time, |
| average |
| distance, |
| connectivity, |
|
| [9] | Protocols for Handoff and Mobility Management | Sharing and Allocation | Distributed | Simulated OFDM based CR | Improved | System Throughput |
| SU Transmission Rate |
|
| [10] | Examined new 5G and 6G software defined networks (SDN) technology, which encompasses system design, resource management, mobility management, and interference control. SDN is a cutting-edge technology. | Sharing | Distributed | MATLAB | Improved | Bandwidth |
| Collision Probability |
| Delay |
|
| [11] | The millimeter wave spectrum must be addressed in order to accommodate high data rates in 5G cellular technology. | Sharing | Distributed | MAC Protocol from IEEE 802.11a | Improved | Collision with SU |
| Extended Data Delivery |
| Throughput |
|
| [12] | The spectrum handoff between SUs in a CRAHN is improved using an upgraded frame structure that promotes coordination among SUs based on an imperfect channel state prediction. | Sharing and Allocation | Distributed | Deployed a Hierarchical Multi Agent System Model for 5G | Improved | Channel Resource Allocation |
|
| [13] | A new paradigm for 5G cellular communication networks has been proposed, which balances resource distribution between main users, secondary users, and base stations. | sharing | Distributed | MATLAB | Improved | Switching probability |
|
