Directed Energy Deposition via Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Approaches

Table 2

Additive manufacturing processes (comparisons).

Process type	Powder bed fusion	Directed energy deposition	Material extrusion	VAT photopolymerization	Material jetting	Ref
Brief description	Thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder bed.	Focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as the material is being deposited.	Material is selectively dispensed through a nozzle.	Liquid photopolymer in a VAT is selectively cured by light activation.	Droplets of build material are selectively deposited.	[12]
Related technologies	Electron beam melting (EBM), selective laser sintering (SLS), selective heat sintering (SHS), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)	Laser metal deposition (LMD)	Fused deposition melting (FDM)	Stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP)	Multi-jet modeling (MJM)	[12]
Materials	Metals, polymers	Metals, polymers, and ceramics	Typically polymer-based	Photopolymer	Polymers, waxes	[12]